Synthetic Pyrethroid effect on blood plasma biomarker enzymes and histological changes in Catla catla

Abstract

Alpha-cypermethrin is an isoform of cypermethrin; it is an active pyrethroid used extensively to control a wide range of pests in agriculture and animal breeding. In this study four groups of six fish were examined. The first group served as a control in fresh water alone, with no pyrethroid. The second, third and fourth groups were exposed to alpha-cypermethrin for 4, 8 and 96 h respectively. At the end of the each exposure period, the fish were sacrificed, and the required muscle tissues were collected for histological examination. The blood was drawn with heparinized needles and processed for serum enzymatic studies. Serum enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), amylase, acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were measured at 4, 8 and 96 h. AST enzyme activity was significantly increased at 4 h, whereas ALT and amylase enzyme activities were significantly reduced at all the time points. ACP enzyme activity was significantly reduced at 4 and 8 h, whereas GGT enzyme activity was significantly increased at all the time points. Hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolisation and degeneration, rupture of blood vessels, and necrosis was found at all time points. Congestion of blood vessels, bulging, distortion of filaments, erosion and disintegration of blood corpuscles and hyperplasia of epithelium were found in treated gills at 4, 8 and 96 h. Breakdown of muscle fibres, vacuolation and accumulation of lipids and melanin in white muscle were observed in treated fish muscle at 4, 8 and 96 h.

Effects of Sub-Lethal Concentration of Cypermethrin on Histopathological and Hematological Profile of Rohu (Labeo rohita) during Acute Toxicity

“…The histological modifications reveled in the liver of C. punctatus during present trials are in accordance to the results in Nile tilapia i.e., Oreochromis misniloticus (Coimbra et al, 2007) and rain bow trout i.e., Oncorhynchus mykiss (Altinok and Capkin, 2007) treated with varying concentrations of endosulfan, Common carp treated with chlorpyrifos (Pal et al, 2012), C. carpio treated with buprofezin fipronil (Qureshi et al, 2016). C. catla exposed to α-CYP (Muthuviveganandavel et al, 2013).…”

Cytogenotoxic effects of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and endosulfan pesticides on Allium cepa root cells

“…Although technical grades of pyrethroids were reported to have less to no toxic effects on non-target organisms, emulsifiable concentrate formulations of pyrethroids were two to nine times more toxic compared to the technical grades (Sanchez-Fortun and Barahona, 2005). Evaluations of some pyrethroids through different biological endpoints in animals show that they cause alteration in the haematological profile of exposed animals (Gimeno et al, 1994;Yekeen et al, 2007;Khan et al, 2012;Yekeen et al, 2013, Muthuviveganandave et al, 2013. Cypermethrin caused significant increase in chromosome aberration and in micronucleated erythrocytes frequency in farm workers (Carbonell et al, 1995;Lander et al, 2000).…”

Adverse metabolic effects in fish exposed to contaminants of emerging concern in the field and laboratory

“…There are very few studies that examined blood chemistry constituents for fish exposed to contaminants, especially CECs. We compared our results to those of Rodrigues et al (2015) and Gunnarsson et al (2009) for CEC effluent, and Muthuviveganandavel et al (2013) for cypermethrin, which were all short-term exposures (hours to 5 d). Our observed parameters generally followed the values reported by these authors, with consistent increases in CHOL, PHOS, and TAGs and a decrease in ALT.…”

“…Reduced ALT activity in liver was associated with food deprivation in fish (Vijayan et al, 1986; Pérez-Jiménez, 2012). Reductions in plasma enzymes such as ALT and AMYL have also been associated with the metabolic disruptors PAHs and TBT (Meador et al, 2006, 2011) and another study found large reductions in the plasma enzymes ALT, AMYL, and acid phosphatase in carp ( Catla catla ) exposed to the pesticide cypermethrin (Muthuviveganandavel et al, 2013).…”