Synthetic Protein Fibers from Protein-Detergent Complexes

Lundgren, Harold P.

doi:10.1177/004051754501501001

Cited by 66 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As regenerated wool keratin has predominantly b-keratin character, blending and post-processing helps obtain useful fibre qualities (Wang et al, 2020), such as optimised tensile strength and breaking elongation, and cross-linking specifically tackles the problem of wet strength (Poole et al, 2009). Methods from the 1940s have produced good dry strength fibres (> 3 g/denier) but these had wet strength as much as 60% lower than this (Poole et al, 2009;Lundgren, 1945). A recent example reported by Cao (Cao et al, 2020) extracted keratin from wool via a reduction method, and blended with hydroxypropyl cellulose (H-HPC).…”

Section: Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regenerated wool fibre properties should be compared to these to understand their viability on the market and possible future applications. Methods from the 1940s have produced good dry strength fibres (> 3 g/denier) but these had wet strength as much as 60% lower than this (Poole et al, 2009;Lundgren, 1945), although cross-linking eventually helped increase these values (see Section 3.3). In one case, regenerated wool-cellulose filaments, when containing 90 wt% keratin, showed properties similar to those of original wool (Cao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Regenerated Keratin Fibres Compared To Other Textile Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review: can waste wool keratin be regenerated as a novel textile fibre via the reduction method?

Lebedytė

Sun

2021

The Journal of The Textile Institute

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In the mid-twentieth century, natural fibre shortages spurred research into regenerated protein fibres, including research into regenerated wool keratin. Although these materials were soon displaced by outperforming synthetic fibres, today's global shifts towards an eco-friendlier, more environmentally aware, sustainable fashion industry have increased interest into such materials. This paper discusses the theory behind chemically recycling wool (keratin) from textile waste via a mixed solvent system that employs reduction, one of the several possible methods, and then wet spinning of a blended keratin solution to create a novel filament. The scope is to create a high value product that could help close the loop of the wool textile industry. Chemical wool recycling is suggested as a complementary process to the already existing mechanical wool recycling methods, as it can be used for materials that cannot be processed mechanically. It is generally recognised that regenerated wool keratin has poor mechanical stability and if used for textile production would most likely exist in blends with other materials and require post-processing to improve performance. These novel materials could displace some of the currently dominant fibres on the textile market and therefore help mitigate some the negative environmental impacts of the fashion industry, provided they meet ecofriendly credentials in their manufacture and end-of-life. The chemical principles outlined herein can be in many cases applied to other keratinaceous waste streams such as non-edible animal products (horns, hooves), feathers and, importantly, other (non-textile) sources of wool.

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Section: Post-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regenerated Keratin Fibres Compared To Other Textile Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review: can waste wool keratin be regenerated as a novel textile fibre via the reduction method?

Lebedytė

Sun

2021

The Journal of The Textile Institute

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“…of DNP-BTG (60 moles DNP per 160,000 gin. protein) that had been made virtually insoluble by treatment with a detergent (12). 35 rag.…”

Section: \" °Oomentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Inhibition of Wheal-and-Erythema Responses With Univalent Haptens and Univalent Antibody Fragments

Farah

Kern

Eisen

1960

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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According to current immunologic doctrine, the specificity of allergic whealand-erythema responses in human skin is determined by soluble antibodies; e.g., those which occur in serum and in extravascular fluid. Not all antigen-antibody systems appear to be competent, however, to incite this response and the basis for the competency of some systems, and for the incompetency of others, has yet to be established. To a great extent the difficulties which have been encountered in attempts to elucidate the basis for competency have arisen from the multiplicity of antibody specificifies in antisera produced to protein antigens, even those which are exceedingly pure by usual standards. As a consequence, correlations between skin test responses and the amounts and characteristics of serum antibodies in test subjects have been difficult to interpret with confidence; i.e., because of uncertainty as to whether the specific determinants in skin tests are identical with those of the serum antibodies assayed. In passive transfer skin tests the use of whole serum, or ~,-globulin fractions of antiserum, leads, for the same reasons, to similar ambiguity. Under these circumstances the immune systems which offer the greatest promise for analysis of the immunologic requirements for wheal-and-erythema production are those for which highly purified antibodies can be obtained, and those in which the antigenic determinants are defined. On these grounds, certain naturally occurring polysaccharides and synthetic organic molecules, and their homologous antibodies, qualify as particularly suitable systems.

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“…The extracting agent: rhodopsin ratio decreases considerably as the chain length of the lower homologues is increased, but this effect becomes much less marked as the series is ascended. Lundgren (1945) suggested that anionic surfaceactive agents combined with proteins by means of the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged polar groups of the surface-active agent and oppositely charged groups of the peptide chain. Similarly, it may be suggested that the positively charged NH3 groups of the alkylammonium ions become attached to corresponding negatively charged carboxyl groups on the peptide chain of the rhodopsin molecule.…”

Section: I957mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic extracting agents for rhodopsin and their mode of action

Bridges

1957

Biochemical Journal

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A study has been made of the fate of salicylohydrazide and its N-acetyl derivative, and of salicylohydroxamic acid and its 5-bromo derivative, in the rabbit. The last two compounds have also been studied in man, rat and mouse. 2. Salicylohydrazide is metabolized mainly by conjugation with glucuronic acid (55 % of dose), and partly by hydrolysis to salicylic acid, which is excreted largely as salicyluric acid. 3. N1-Acetyl-N2-salicyloylhydrazine is not deacetylated and is excreted mainly as its glucuronide (70 % of the dose). These hydrazides do not form ethereal sulphates. Their glucuronides have been isolated. 4. Salicylohydroxamic acid is metabolized by direct conjugation with glucuronic and sulphuric acids in the rabbit, and there is practically no conversion into salicylamide. The glucuronide was isolated. In man, mouse and the rat, it forms considerable amounts of salicylamide, which is excreted conjugated. 5. 5-Bromosalicylohydroxamic acid is excreted by man, mouse, rabbit and rat mainly as conjugates of 5-bromosalicylamide, and to a lesser extent as the glucuronide of 5-bromosalicylohydroxamic acid. The glucuronides of the amide and the hydroxamic acid were isolated from rabbit urine. 6. The in vitro tuberculostatic activity of 5bromosalicylamide is about half that of 5-bromosalicylohydroxamic acid, its precursor in vivo. 7. The toxicity of aroyl hydrazides and hydroxamic acids in relation to their metabolism has been discussed. We wish to thank Professor R. Cruickshank for making available the facilities for bacteriological investigations. One of us (W.M.M.) is grateful to St Mary's Hospital Medical School and to the Leverhulme Trust for Research Fellowships.

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Synthetic Protein Fibers from Protein-Detergent Complexes

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

A review: can waste wool keratin be regenerated as a novel textile fibre via the reduction method?

A review: can waste wool keratin be regenerated as a novel textile fibre via the reduction method?

Specific Inhibition of Wheal-and-Erythema Responses With Univalent Haptens and Univalent Antibody Fragments

Cationic extracting agents for rhodopsin and their mode of action

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