Synthetic Polymers Seeded with Chondrocytes Provide a Template for New Cartilage Formation

Vacanti, Charles A.; Langer, Robert; Schloo, B.; Vacanti, Joseph P.

doi:10.1097/00006534-199111000-00001

Cited by 523 publications

(237 citation statements)

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“…Isolated cells cannot, however, form new tissues on their own. They require a specific environment, in which a supporting material acts as a template for cell growth [4][5][6][7] . Three-dimensional scaffolds can be used to mimic the natural counterparts: the extracellular matrix of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable and macroporous polylactide implants for cell transplantation: 1. Preparation of macroporous polylactide supports by solid-liquid phase separation

Schugens

Maquet

Grandfils

et al. 1996

Polymer

251

149

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Freeze-drying of polylactide solutions in 1,4-dioxane has been studied as a way to produce microcellular foams. The thermally induced phase separation has been studied in relation to several processing and formulation parameters. The effects of polymer concentration, chain stereoregularity, polymer molecular weight and cooling rate have been investigated in connection with the porous morphology and the physico-mechanical characteristics of the final foams. As a rule, bundles of channels are formed with a diameter of ~100 µ.m. They have a preferential orientation that fits the cooling direction. A porous substructure (~10 µm) is observed in the internal walls of the tubular macropores. Variations in this general porous morphology-and particularly in the porosity, density, solvent residue, mechanical resistance and degree of regularity in the spatial organization of pores-have been observed when polymer concentration in 1,4-dioxane and polylactide stereoregularity are changed. As expected, cooling rate has a strong effect on the foam morphology, which is essentially controlled by the solvent crystallization. Pores are nothing but the fingerprints of 1,4-dioxane crystallites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable and macroporous polylactide implants for cell transplantation: 1. Preparation of macroporous polylactide supports by solid-liquid phase separation

Schugens

Maquet

Grandfils

et al. 1996

Polymer

251

149

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“…The chondrocyte phenotype can be reexpressed in these cells by culturing them in suspension, in agarose, with alginate beads, or on a hydrogel substrate (17,19,25,28,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). These changes in the biosynthetic profile of dedifferentiated chondrocytes resemble some of the phenotypic changes displayed by OA chondrocytes, and the matrix they produce is similar to that synthesized by chondroprogenitor cells (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)17,(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the gene expression profile of differentiated and dedifferentiated human fetal chondrocytes by microarray analysis

Stokes¹,

Liu²,

Coimbra³

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

152

106

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Objective. To study the changes in patterns of gene expression exhibited by human chondrocytes as they dedifferentiate into fibroblastic cells in culture in order to better understand the mechanisms that control this process and its relationship to the phenotypic changes that occur in chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis (OA).Methods. Human fetal epiphyseal chondrocytes (HFCs) were cultured either on poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-coated plates (differentiated HFC cultures) or in plastic tissue culture flasks as monolayers (dedifferentiated HFC cultures). Following 11 days of culture under either condition, poly(A؉) RNA was isolated from the two cell populations and subjected to a gene expression analysis using a microarray containing ϳ5,000 known human genes and ϳ3,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs).Results. A >2-fold difference in the expression of 62 known genes and 6 ESTs was observed between the two cell types. The differences in expression of several of the genes detected by the microarray hybridization were confirmed by Northern analyses. Two transcription factor genes, TWIST and HIF-1␣, and a cellular adhesion protein gene, cadherin 11, were markedly regulated in response to differentiation and dedifferentiation. Expression of these genes was also detected in adult normal and OA cartilage and chondrocytes. Analysis of the gene expression profile of HFCs revealed a complex pattern of gene expression, including many genes not yet reported to be expressed by chondrocytes.Conclusion. Chondrocytes in monolayer become dedifferentiated, acquiring a fibroblast-like appearance and changing their pattern of gene expression from one of expression of chondrocyte-specific genes to one that resembles a fibroblastic or chondroprogenitor-like pattern. Changes in gene expression associated with the process of dedifferentiation of HFCs in vitro were observed in a wide variety of genes, including genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, transcription factors, and growth factors. At least 3 of the genes that were regulated in response to dedifferentiation were also found to be expressed in adult normal and OA articular cartilage and chondrocytes.

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“…Vacanti's research group successfully produced hyaline-like tissue from adult bovine chondrocytes using polylactic-polyglycolic acid matrices. [20,21] The use of both autogenous and allograft chondrocytes for engineering cartilage, however, is problematic because of a relatively small cellular yield at harvest, thereby imposing long culture expansion while cells tend to de-differentiate. [22] Alternatively, multiple reports such as that of Bruder et al [23] engineered bone and cartilage using mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Quality Cartilage Using Fibrinogen‐Based Nanofibers

Forget¹,

Awaja

Gugutkov

et al. 2016

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Mimicking the complex intricacies of the extra cellular matrix including 3D configurations and aligned fibrous structures were traditionally perused for producing cartilage tissue from stem cells. This study shows that human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) establishes significant chondrogenic differentiation and may generate quality cartilage when cultured on 2D and randomly oriented fibrinogen/poly‐lactic acid nanofibers compared to 3D sandwich‐like environments. The adhering cells show well‐developed focal adhesion complexes and actin cytoskeleton arrangements confirming the proper cellular interaction with either random or aligned nanofibers. However, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis for Collagen 2 and Collagen 10 genes expression confirms favorable chondrogenic response of hADMSCs on random nanofibers and shows substantially higher efficacy of their differentiation in 2D configuration versus 3D constructs. These findings introduce a new direction for cartilage tissue engineering through providing a simple platform for the routine generation of transplantable stem cells derived articular cartilage replacement that might improve joint function.

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Synthetic Polymers Seeded with Chondrocytes Provide a Template for New Cartilage Formation

Cited by 523 publications

References 0 publications

Biodegradable and macroporous polylactide implants for cell transplantation: 1. Preparation of macroporous polylactide supports by solid-liquid phase separation

Biodegradable and macroporous polylactide implants for cell transplantation: 1. Preparation of macroporous polylactide supports by solid-liquid phase separation

Assessment of the gene expression profile of differentiated and dedifferentiated human fetal chondrocytes by microarray analysis

Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Quality Cartilage Using Fibrinogen‐Based Nanofibers

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