Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in resin-based dental sealants

Wang, Wei; Kannan, Pranav; Xue, Jingchuan; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.042

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“… 25 Antioxidant activity limits the generation of free radicals 26 and can be measured by chemical, 27 electrochemical, 28 or cellular methods. 29 Its effectiveness is evaluated with physiologically active antioxidants such as glutathione, 30 α-tocopherol, 31 ergothioneine, 32 and synthetics such as Trolox, 33 BHT, 34 and BHA. 35 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Antioxidant Activity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC-FL), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA), Electrochemical and Microbiological Analyses of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum mammosum L.

Pilaquinga¹,

Morey²,

Fernández³

et al. 2021

IJN

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Purpose The importance of studying polyphenolic compounds as natural antioxidants has encouraged the search for new methods of analysis that are quick and simple. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has been presented as an alternative to determine the total polyphenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Methods In this study, aqueous leaf extract of Solanum mammosum , a species of plant endemic to South America, was used to produce AgNPs. The technique of oxygen radical absorption capacity using fluorescein (ORAC-FL) was used to measure antioxidant activity. The oxidation of the 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH 2 -DA) as fluorescent probe was used to measure cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Electrochemical behavior was also examined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Total polyphenolic content (TPH) was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the major polyphenolic compound was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). Finally, a microbial analysis was conducted using Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp. Results The average size of nanoparticles was 5.2 ± 2.3 nm measured by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The antioxidant activity measured by ORAC-FL in the extract and nanoparticles were 3944 ± 112 and 637.5 ± 14.8 µM ET/g of sample, respectively. Cellular antioxidant activity was 14.7 ± 0.2 for the aqueous extract and 12.5 ± 0.2 for the nanoparticles. The electrochemical index (EI) was 402 μA/V for the extract and 324 μA/V for the nanoparticles. Total polyphenolic content was 826.6 ± 20.9 and 139.7 ± 20.9 mg EGA/100 g of sample. Gallic acid was the main polyphenolic compound present in the leaf extract. Microbiological analysis revealed that although leaf extract was not toxic for Escherichia coli and Bacillus sp., minor toxic activity for AgNPs was detected for both strains. Conclusion It is concluded that the aqueous extract of the leaves of S. mammosum contains nontoxic antioxidant compounds capable of producing AgNPs. The methods using AgNPs can be used as a fast analytical tool to monitor the presence of water-soluble polyphenolic compounds from plant origin. Analysis and detection of new antioxidants from plant extracts may be potentially applicable in biomedicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Antioxidant Activity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC-FL), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA), Electrochemical and Microbiological Analyses of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum mammosum L.

Pilaquinga¹,

Morey²,

Fernández³

et al. 2021

IJN

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“…The gradient eluents containing two solutions: solution A (methanol with acetic acid, 95/5, v/v) and solution B (water with acetic acid, 95/5, v/v) (elution programme was varied from 50 to 85% of A) were used by Rafecas et al [16] for the analyses of phenolic antioxidants in bakery products. The determination of SPAs using GC-MS has been reported by Wang et al [7] for the analyses of BHT in the resin-based dental sealants, Biparva et al [1] in the analyses of fruit juice samples and Cacho et al [9] in the analyses of BHT, BHA and TBHQ in edible oils. Since SPAs are are neither volatile nor semi-volatile phenolic compounds, therefore the HPLC method was chosen for our analyses.…”

Section: Hplc Methods Development and Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the studies on animal tissues, there are several reports of carcinogenic effects even at very low concentration levels of SPAs [6]. The use of BHA and BHT in high quantities and long-term use have been reported to have carcinogenic effects [7]. There is evidence that high diet doses of BHT may lead to the development of lung and liver cancer.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Various Foods Commonly Consumed in Malaysia by HPLC

et al. 2019

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This study was conducted in order to identify the presence of four synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs): propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in various food stuffs that are commonly consumed in Malaysia. The identification method was optimized and validated before it was applied to the analyses of eighty three food samples which include chewing gum, chili sauce, cereal-based snack food, noodles, potato snack, cereal breakfast, oat, biscuit, cookie, coffee, junk food, seaweed, nut, chocolate, apple juice, orange juice and blackcurrant juice. Twenty nine food samples contained SPAs either singly or in combination. The chromatography conditions such as elution method, flow rate and wavelength were optimized. Good linearity ranges (1–300 mgL–1) were found for all the four phenolic antioxidants. RSD for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.15–0.84% for both precision analyses. LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.02–0.67 and 0.06–2.03 mgL–1, respectively. Recoveries of the four SPAs ranged from 80.4 to 119.0% when selected food items spiked at 10, 50, and 100 mgL–1.

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“…However, the problems with synthetic antioxidant is that they have side effect which can lead to serious health effect [1,2]. For example, butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) which reported to be carcinogenic [3]. The same effect also goes to n-Propyll Gallate (PG), an antioxidant synthesized from the condensation of gallic acid and propanol [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Metabolites Identification and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Crude Extract of Barringtonia asiatica l. (kurz) Leaves

Permana

Andhikawati

2021

AJBGMB

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Aims: The aims of this study were to elucidate the pythochemical compounds from the leaf of mangrove (Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) colleceted from the coast of Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia as well as its antioxidant activity profile. Study Design: The study was designed experimentally with two replication (duplo) for the extraction preparation and analyzed statistically using regression linear for the determination of Inhibition Concentration at 50% or IC50. Place and Duration of Study: Sample were collected from the mangrove ecotourism site at Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The experimental study was performed at the Tropical Marine and Fisheries Laboratory, Fisheries Department, PSDKU Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. Methodology: The identification of pythochemical contents of the leaf was carried out qualitatively with the principle of formation of precipitate, color and foam. The extraction was performed accordingly using three different types of solvent, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Lastly, the antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH (1,-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and IC50 were analyzed subsequently. Results: Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the leaves of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) contain bioactive compounds in the form of tannins and saponins. The methanol extract of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) was proven to have moderate strength antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 125.87 ppm. Conclusion: this results concluded that different geographic region can influence the phytochemical constituent of the of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz). Furthermore, this doesn’t hindered its antioxidant activity potential as it still proven to have a relatively medium antioxidant activity.

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Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, including butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in resin-based dental sealants

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Determination of Antioxidant Activity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC-FL), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA), Electrochemical and Microbiological Analyses of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum mammosum L.

Determination of Antioxidant Activity by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC-FL), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA), Electrochemical and Microbiological Analyses of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum mammosum L.

Identification and Validation of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Various Foods Commonly Consumed in Malaysia by HPLC

Secondary Metabolites Identification and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Crude Extract of Barringtonia asiatica l. (kurz) Leaves

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