For
cationic nanoparticles, the spontaneous nanoparticle–protein
corona formation and aggregation in biofluids can trigger unexpected
biological reactions. Herein, we present a biomimetic strategy for
camouflaging the cationic peptide/siRNA nanocomplex (P/Si) with single
or dual proteins, which exploits the unique properties of endogenous
proteins and stabilizes the cationic P/Si complex for safe and targeted
delivery. An in-depth study of the P/Si protein corona (P/Si-PC) formation
and protein binding was conducted. The results provided insights into
the biochemical and toxicological properties of cationic nanocomplexes
and the rationales for engineering biomimetic protein camouflages.
Based on this, the human serum albumin (HSA) and apolipoprotein AI
(Apo-AI) ranked within the top 20 abundant protein species of P/Si-PC
were selected to construct biomimetic HSA-dressed P/Si (P/Si@HSA)
and dual protein (HSA and Apo-AI)-dressed P/Si (P/Si@HSA_Apo), given
that the dual-protein camouflage plays complementary roles in efficient
delivery. A branched cationic peptide (b-HKR) was tailored for siRNA
delivery, and their nanocomplexes, including the cationic P/Si and
biomimetic protein-dressed P/Si, were produced by a precise microfluidic
technology. The biomimetic anionic protein camouflage greatly enhanced
P/Si biostability and biocompatibility, which offers a reliable strategy
for overcoming the limitation of applying cationic nanoparticles in
biofluids and systemic delivery.