Synthetic osteogenic extracellular matrix formed by coated silicon dioxide nanosprings

Abstract

BackgroundThe design of biomimetic materials that parallel the morphology and biology of extracellular matrixes is key to the ability to grow functional tissues in vitro and to enhance the integration of biomaterial implants into existing tissues in vivo. Special attention has been put into mimicking the nanostructures of the extracellular matrix of bone, as there is a need to find biomaterials that can enhance the bonding between orthopedic devices and this tissue.MethodsWe have tested the ability of normal human osteoblasts to propagate and differentiate on silicon dioxide nanosprings, which can be easily grown on practically any surface. In addition, we tested different metals and metal alloys as coats for the nanosprings in tissue culture experiments with bone cells.ResultsNormal human osteoblasts grown on coated nanosprings exhibited an enhanced rate of propagation, differentiation into bone forming cells and mineralization. While osteoblasts did not attach effectively to bare nanowires grown on glass, these cells propagated successfully on nanosprings coated with titanium oxide and gold. We observed a 270 fold increase in the division rate of osteoblasts when grow on titanium/gold coated nanosprings. This effect was shown to be dependent on the nanosprings, as the coating by themselves did not alter the growth rate of osteoblast. We also observed that titanium/zinc/gold coated nanosprings increased the levels of osteoblast production of alkaline phosphatase seven folds. This result indicates that osteoblasts grown on this metal alloy coated nanosprings are differentiating to mature bone making cells. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that osteoblasts grown on the same metal alloy coated nanosprings have an enhanced ability to deposit calcium salt.ConclusionWe have established that metal/metal alloy coated silicon dioxide nanosprings can be used as a biomimetic material paralleling the morphology and biology of osteogenic extracellular matrix. The coated nanosprings enhance normal human osteoblasts cellular behaviors needed for improving osseointegration of orthopedic materials. Thus, metal-coated nanosprings represent a novel biomaterial that could be exploited for improving success rates of orthopedic implant procedures.

Magnesium ion implantation on a micro/nanostructured titanium surface promotes its bioactivity and osteogenic differentiation function

“…Incorporation of bioactive trace elements such as calcium, silicon, zinc, strontium, and magnesium is frequently used. [14][15][16][17][18] These trace elements are able to stimulate bone growth and bone healing by enhancing osteoblast activity. [19][20][21] As one of the most abundant elements in the human body, 22 magnesium is essential for bone metabolism and stimulates new bone formation, and may also interact with integrins of osteoblasts, which are responsible for cell adhesion and stability.…”

High-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of GaN on 1D Nanostructures

“…In the vain of this special issue, NS were chosen as the test platform because their morphology is ideal for exploring a processes ability to produce conformal coatings, the limits of its ability to control the thickness of the coating, and the effects of surface morphology on the crystallinity of the coating in the presence of high levels of stress and strain. Silica nanosprings are a versatile 1D nanostructure that with the appropriate coating, such as with ZnO, have been utilized in chemical sensors [35], as a catalyst support structure for biofuel synthesis [36], and as a biomimetic material [37], to name a few. This study also examines the effects of buffer layers on its morphology and electrical properties of the GaN coating.…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Various Materials in the Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with a Special Focus on the Association of Heat Shock Proteins and Nanoparticles

“…The construct enhanced the proliferation of osteoblasts and accelerated cellular differentiation. Hass et al [2012] thus proposed the importance of nanosprings as biomaterials in the field of bone tissue engineering.…”

“…When implanted in rats for in vivo study, it initiated bone integration and vascularization around the scaffold with absence of a cytotoxic response [Sargeant et al, 2008]. Nanosprings as artificial extracellular matrices were studied in relation to osteoblast proliferation and differentiation [Hass et al, 2012]. Normal human osteoblasts were cultured on silicon dioxide nanosprings coated with titanium oxide and gold.…”