Synthetic musks in surface water and fish from the rivers in India: Seasonal distribution and toxicological risk assessment

Vimalkumar, Krishnamoorthi; Nikhil, Nishikant Patil; Arun, Elaiyaraja; Mayilsamy, Murugasamy; Ramaswamy, Babu Rajendran

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125558

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The levels of PCMs in South China and at other sites in Mid and East China except East Lake, Chaohu Lake, and Taihu Lake were slightly higher than those in the regions outside China. Nevertheless, all concentrations of PCMs in rivers in South India, Molgora River in North Italy, and surface water of Jakarta, Indonesia, all determined by grab sampling methods, were higher than those in surface water measured by passive samplers in the present study and other studies (Table S5). The highest level of PCMs across the globe was found in Nakdong River in Korea at a range of <RL-16,700 ng L –1 (mean: 5900 ng L –1 ). , This is due to the influence of a highly developed cosmetics industry in Korea.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Meanwhile, the estimated lipid-normalized concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in bivalves in freshwater of China were 2700 ng g –1 (95% CI: 260–13,000 ng g –1 lipid wt) and 650 ng g –1 (95% CI: 57–2300 ng g –1 lipid wt), respectively (Table S9). Overall, the estimated concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in typical aquatic organisms varied widely and encompassed the reported concentrations in aquatic organisms. ,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Synthetic Musks in Freshwaters across China

Wu,

Wang,

Yao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Commercial chemicals, such as synthetic musks, are of global concern, but data on their occurrence and spatial distribution in aquatic environments of large scale are scarce. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in the present study to measure freely dissolved synthetic musks in freshwaters across China using passive samplers, along with biological coexposure at selected sites. Polycyclic musks (PCMs) dominated synthetic musks, with a detection frequency of 95%. Higher concentrations of PCMs were observed in densely populated Mid, East, and South China compared to less populated regions, indicating the significance of anthropogenic activities for synthetic musks in water. The concentration ratios of galaxolide (HHCB)/tonalide (AHTN) were significantly higher in low-latitude areas than in high-latitude areas from June to September, suggesting that solar radiation played an important role in the degradation of HHCB/AHTN. Significant correlations were found between dissolved concentrations of HHCB and AHTN and their lipid-normalized concentrations in coexposed fish and clam. The estimated hazard quotients for HHCB and AHTN in freshwater fish consumed by humans were less than 0.01 at all sampling sites except the Yangtze River Basin. These results help to understand the environmental fate and ecological risks of synthetic musks on a large geographical scale.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Synthetic Musks in Freshwaters across China

Wu,

Wang,

Yao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Musk fragrances are aromatic compounds used in the manufacture of personal care and household products [265,276], and in this review some musk fragrances are discussed under personal care products (Table 2). Relatively low concentrations of these compounds were detected in drinking water systems, and so human exposure is mainly via ingestion [276,277]. Although the mean concentrations of the musk fragrances recorded was relatively low, research is not conclusive on their impacts on human health risks.…”

Section: Musks and Fragrancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Systems as a Cocktail of Emerging Organic Contaminants: Occurrence, Public Health Risks, and Research Needs

Marumure,

Simbanegavi,

Makuvara

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) of anthropogenic origins are ubiquitous in environmental compartments, including aquatic systems. Thus, EOCs have attracted considerable research and public attention due to their potential human and ecological health risks. However, compared to other aquatic environments such as wastewater systems, comprehensive reviews focussing on the occurrence and human health risks of EOCs in drinking water systems are still lacking. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, the current review posits that drinking water systems harbour a cocktail of toxic EOCs, which pose public health risks via multiple exposure routes. In the present review, global evidence is examined to track EOCs along the source-pathway-receptor-impact-mitigation (SPRIM) continuum. Evidence shows that, various groups of EOCs, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, solvents, plasticizers, endocrine disrupting compounds, gasoline additives, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), food colourants, artificial sweeteners, and musks and fragrances, have been detected in drinking water systems. The anthropogenic sources of EOCs detected in drinking water systems, including wastewater systems and industrial emissions, are summarized. Further, the behaviour and fate of EOCs in the drinking water systems, including removal processes are discussed. Once in drinking water systems, human exposure to EOCs may occur via ingestion of contaminated drinking water and cooked foods, and possibly dermal contact and inhalation. The high-risk environments, and risk factors and behaviours predisposing humans to EOC exposure are discussed. Evidence on the human health risks of the various EOCs and a critique of the data are presented. Notably, besides inferential data, quantitative epidemiological evidence directly relating the occurrence of EOCs in drinking water systems to specific adverse human health outcomes is still scarce. Lastly, future research directions, including the need for quantitative public health risk assessment, and the application of emerging detection tools are discussed.

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“…Among these pollutants, galaxolide (hexahydro-hexamethyl cyclopentabenzopyran) is recognized as one of the most prevalent organic pollutants in the environment, especially because of its low degradation rates (Lv et al, 2021). Although current environmental concentrations of these contaminants are relatively low, their continual input to the environment indicates that the concentration of galaxolide in the environment will increase in the future (Vimalkumar et al, 2021). It is extensively used in the fragrance industry and can be found in various consumer products such as perfumes, lotions, and detergents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is extensively used in the fragrance industry and can be found in various consumer products such as perfumes, lotions, and detergents. Consequentially, it is increasingly released into the environment and becomes an emerging contaminant (Parolini et al, 2015;Vimalkumar et al, 2021). Accordingly, galaxolide pollution is becoming one of the foremost crises for the soil environment and agricultural sector, which could expose a possible menace to plant production and thus, can be harmful to crops, animals, and humans, especially because no removal strategies have been adopted yet (Madnay et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galaxolide-contaminated soil and tolerance strategies in soybean plants using biofertilization and selenium nanoparticle supplementation

Halawani,

Aloufi

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The current study aimed to address the response of soybean (Glycine max) plants to biofertilization and selenium supplementation treatments under galaxolide contamination of soil. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out where the soybean plants were treated with the plant growth-promoting Actinobacteria (Actinobacterium sp.) as a biofertilizer (PGPB treatment) and/or selenium nanoparticles (Se treatment; 25 mg L-1) under two non-polluted and galaxolide-polluted soils (250 mg galaxolide per kg of soil) to assess the modifications in some plant physiological and biochemical traits. Although higher accumulation of oxidative biomarkers, including hydrogen peroxide (+180%), malondialdehyde (+163%), and protein oxidation (+125%), indicating oxidative stress in galaxolide-contaminated plants, an apparent decline in their contents was observed in response to biofertilization/supplementation treatments in contaminated soil, especially. It was mainly related to the higher detoxification of ROS in PGPB- and Se-treated plants under galaxolide-induced oxidative stress, in which the direct ROS-scavenging enzymes (+44 -179%), enzymatic (+34 - 293%) and non-enzymatic (+35 - 98%) components of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway, and antioxidant molecules (+38 - 370%) were more activated than in control plants. In addition, a higher accumulation of detoxification activity markers, including phytochelatins (+32%) and metallothioneins (+79%), were found in the combined treatments (PGPB+Se) under galaxolide contamination. Moreover, combined treatment with PGPB and Se ameliorated the levels of chlorophyll a content (+58%), stomatal conductance (+57%), the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (+36%), and photorespiratory metabolism (including +99% in glycolate oxidase and +54% in hydroxypyruvate reductase activity) in leaves under galaxolide contamination, which resulted in higher photosynthesis capacity (+36%) and biomass production (+74%) in galaxolide-stressed plants as compared to control group. In conclusion, the application of beneficial Actinobacteria and selenium nanoparticles as biofertilization/supplementation is expected to be useful for improving plant toleration and adaptation against galaxolide contamination.

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Synthetic musks in surface water and fish from the rivers in India: Seasonal distribution and toxicological risk assessment

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Synthetic Musks in Freshwaters across China

Occurrence, Spatial Distribution, and Bioaccumulation of Dissolved Synthetic Musks in Freshwaters across China

Drinking Water Systems as a Cocktail of Emerging Organic Contaminants: Occurrence, Public Health Risks, and Research Needs

Galaxolide-contaminated soil and tolerance strategies in soybean plants using biofertilization and selenium nanoparticle supplementation

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