Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Lake Michigan

Peck, Aaron M.; Hornbuckle, Keri C.

doi:10.1021/es034769y

Cited by 205 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…29, 2010 1881 ($4) was obtained in human fat samples collected from Austria by Kannan [12]. Peck and Hornbuckle [34] reported that the concentration ratio of HHCB to AHTN in Lake Michigan (USA) waters was 4.7. In China, it has been reported that the ratio of HHCB to AHTN concentrations was 5.3 in sewage sludge collected from the wastewater treatment plants in Guangdong province, and 1.46 in sediment samples from the Pearl River Delta [25].…”

Section: Geographical Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Shi

Niu

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-We measured two nitro musk fragrances (musk xylene) and musk ketone) and five polycyclic musk fragrances (galaxolide [HHCB], tonalide [AHTN], celestolide [ADBI], traseolide [ATII], and phantolide [AHMI]) in human blood samples from 11 cities of China (n ¼ 204). Possible temporal trends in musk concentrations and associations with personal factors, such as gender, age, and others, were studied. Galaxolide (HHCB) showed the highest median concentration (0.85 ng/g) followed by AHTN (0.53 ng/g) with high detection frequency (91 and 77%, respectively). Concentrations of the other synthetic musk fragrances, including musk ketone and musk xylene, were all below the quantification limits. The results suggested that musk concentrations were not significantly relative to gender and body weight but positively correlated with age groups and locations. Apparent differences were also observed in the ratios of HHCB to AHTN concentrations among different cities.

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Section: Geographical Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Shi

Niu

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Since then, SM have been detected in most environmental matrices, including air (Xie et al 2007), marine water (Xie et al 2007), lake water (Peck and Hornbuckle 2004), sediment (Peck et al 2006), Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00477-012-0581-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. and sewage sludge (Shek et al 2008;Hu et al 2011b) due to their extensive use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening level ecological risk assessment for synthetic musks in surface water of Lake Taihu, China

Guo

et al. 2012

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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A total of thirty-three surface water samples were collected from Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay of Lake Taihu, and analyzed for synthetic musks, including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-[c]-2-benzopyrane (HHCB), 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4, 6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), 1-tertbutyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,5-dinitro-4-acetylbenzene (MK) and 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (MX). Ecological risks of these compounds were characterized by hazard quotient (HQ) method due to a lack of sufficient available toxicity data of synthetic musks. HHCB was the main synthetic musk detected in Lake Taihu, followed by AHTN, MK, and MX. The risk assessment results indicate that low ecological risks were posed by HHCB and total synthetic musks, and even lower risks posed by other synthetic musks in the worst case; much lower ecological risks were caused by both individual and total synthetic musks in the general case. The combined ecological risk from total synthetic musks calculation suggests that the combined ecological risk from all four synthetic musks was expected to be slightly higher than for the individual musks due to their joint action. The HQ spatial distribution maps show that several hot-spot areas were mainly around the river inlets to Lake Taihu, indicating that synthetic musks may be transported to Lake Taihu with municipal sewage and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. However, the ecological risks in hot-spot areas posed by individual and total synthetic musks were still acceptable.

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“…17,18 Two polycyclic musks, galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydroSynthetic musks (SMs) are ingredients commonly used in 4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(g)-2-benzopyran, HHCB) personal-care products (PCPs); such musks are generated from and tonalide (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4 usage by individuals of soaps, shampoo, toothpaste, cosmetics tetrahydronaphthalene, AHTN) as well as two nitro musks, and other daily products. Together with various pharmaceuticals musk xylene (1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, and other commodities, they constitute a class of pharmaceuticals MX) and musk ketone (1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-4 and personal-care products (PPCPs) that have been regarded as acetylbenzene, MK) are the most used SMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As to the developed countries, introduced into aquatic environments mainly via washing, there is also a need to monitor changes of SMs profiles after the bathing, irrigation and other activities. 4,5 nitro musks have been restricted. In this sense, reliable analytical Because of their highly lipophilic nature, SMs can be methods to simultaneously extract and determine polycyclic bioaccumulated in biota, such as mussels, 6 crustaceans, 7 fish 8-10 musks and nitro musks are critically needed to investigate the and even some mammals 11,12 from the freshwater and marine occurrence, concentration and fate of these chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Polycyclic and Nitro Musks in Water Samples Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Yuan

et al. 2009

ANAL. SCI.

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This study intended to develop a robust and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of polycyclic musks (HHCB and AHTN) and nitro musks (musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK)) in water samples using optimized solid-phase extraction (SPE) by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SPE procedure was optimized in terms of selections of SPE cartridge, sample pH, elution process, etc. The method detection limits (MDLs) were from 0.09 to 0.18 ng L -1 for the analytes. The recoveries ranged from 88.3 to 104.1% in spiked deionized water and from 86.4 to 106.8% in groundwater samples, respectively. The proposed approach was also validated by detecting real samples. The results revealed that HHCB and AHTN were ubiquitous in the local aquatic matrices. Furthermore, nitro musks were found in some aquatic matrices, which is consistent with the fact that nitro musks are still being produced and applied in China.

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Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Lake Michigan

Cited by 205 publications

References 38 publications

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in human blood from 11 cities in China

Screening level ecological risk assessment for synthetic musks in surface water of Lake Taihu, China

Simultaneous Determination of Trace Polycyclic and Nitro Musks in Water Samples Using Optimized Solid-Phase Extraction by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

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