Synthetic microfibers: Source, transport and their remediation

Mishra, Sunanda; Singh, Rojalin Priyadarshini; Rath, Chandi Charan; Das, Alok Prasad

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101612

Cited by 125 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Domestic laundry effluent is also a source of microfibres, which is frequently mentioned in previous research Mishra et al, 2020;Salvador Cesa et al, 2017;. Chemical (e.g.…”

Section: Laundry Effluentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Frequent use of aging fishing gear (such as nets, lines and ropes) in fishery activities is one of the most discussed sources of microfibre pollution in Chinese freshwater environments . For example, the paint that protects the hull of fishing vessels can release microfibres (Mishra et al, 2020). reported microplastic concentrations that were positively correlated to the prosperity of local fishery activates, with microplastic concentrations higher in fishpond water than in pond influents (Pearl River Estuary), where 68.1-78.9% of total microplastics were fibres.…”

Section: Fisherymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microfibre pollution from fishing activities can directly enter waterbodies and has been recorded in multiple fish species (Chagnon et al, 2018;. Microfibres can be similar in size, shape and colour to fish prey, leading to mistaken ingestion by fishes Mishra et al, 2020;. found that fibrous microplastics were the most common microplastic morphology found in adult female Carassius auratus (main fish consumed by local people) in the Poyang Lake.…”

Section: Fisherymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wear and tear of fabrics, tyre dust and mismanaged disposal of textiles have also been mentioned as potential sources of plastic microfibres in the environment (Henry et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2020). About 60% of the fabric produced globally is made from synthetic fibres and China produces 70% of the world's synthetic fibres (Mishra et al, 2020). In addition, atmospheric deposition and precipitation are also important potential sources of microfibres in China, which can deposit microfibres directly into freshwater environments, or via rainwater generated runoff.…”

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of dominant plastic microfibre prevalence and pollution control feasibility in Chinese freshwater environments

Chan

Stanton

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Microplastic pollution of freshwaters is known to be a great concern in China and these pollutants can be discharged into the coastal environment through fluvial processes, posing threats to the global marine ecosystem. This paper reviewed the literature measuring microplastic pollution in the Chinese freshwater environment and found that microfibres dominate other plastic morphologies in more than 65% of samples collected in surface water, sediments and effluents of wastewater treatment plants and domestic sewers.Current potential sources of microfibre pollution are identified including fishery activities, laundry sewage, and waste textiles according to previous research. Recommendations are offered using the circular economy management framework, such as textile waste reuse and recycling systems in China, for improving current control measures for microplastics in freshwaters.

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“…Domestic laundry effluent is also a source of microfibres, which is frequently mentioned in previous research Mishra et al, 2020;Salvador Cesa et al, 2017;. Chemical (e.g.…”

Section: Laundry Effluentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Fisherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fisherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of dominant plastic microfibre prevalence and pollution control feasibility in Chinese freshwater environments

Chan

Stanton

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Similarly, accelerated blood flow velocities and heart rates, and slightly inhibited hatching rates, were observed in a first study conducted with microplastic fibers (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), 3-5 mm) and zebrafish embryos [13]. For the present study, we chose smaller microplastic fibers (< 0.3 mm) similar to the fiber size class produced during household washing [14,15], which enters the environment as laundry effluents [16]. Microplastic fibers < 300 μm slip through neuston nets commonly used for sampling fibers in environmental surveillance [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure to microplastic fibers does not change fish early life stage development of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

2021

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Microplastic fibers are frequent contaminants of aquatic ecosystems. Early life stages of aquatic organisms are predicted to be especially vulnerable to microplastic pollution. We hypothesized that microplastic fibers in the water column might interfere with fertilization and embryonic development of fish. We tested this with an in vitro fertilization system with three-spined sticklebacks. Six egg clutches were divided and one half was fertilized and bread out in water with polyester fibers (PET fibers; mean diameter 9.7 ± 2.3 μm; mean length 245.6 ± 163.1 μm) at a concentration of 1 × 104 fibers/L while the other half served as control without fibers.Observation with a dissection microscope revealed that some polyester fibers stuck to the outside of the eggs in the fiber treatments. Yet, overall 67.4 ± 12.9% eggs were fertilized from which 97.2 ± 4.2% larvae hatched without any significant difference between treatments. Mortality and abnormal development of larvae was low and was not changed by microplastic fibers, as was the heart rate of developing embryos five days post fertilization.The present study illustrates that polyester fibers, even at concentrations three to four orders above levels reported from the environment, do not impair fertilization success, embryonic and early larval development of sticklebacks. Accordingly, concentrations of microplastic fibers currently observed in aquatic habitats do not appear to be harmful to early live stages of fish.

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Microfiber pollution: Assessment, emission estimation, and time‐series‐based forecast of microfibers from domestic washing machine laundering and mitigation measures

Alex,

Muhammed,

Kannankai

et al. 2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Microfibers are thread‐like structures shorter than 5 mm and have natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origins. These micropollutants are ubiquitous and are emerging in the environment, living organisms, and food sources. Textile laundering is a prominent source of microfibers, but limited research has been conducted on microfiber pollution from domestic washing machines in emerging economies such as India, where consumption and production rates are exorbitantly high. This study aimed to assess the abundance and size distribution of microfibers from the effluent of a semiautomatic domestic washing machine using three categories of “not‐new” textiles: cotton, blended, and synthetic under “with” and “without” detergent conditions. Although most Indians still rely on hand washing, this study focused on washing machines due to their increasing use in India driven by improving socioeconomic factors. This study also developed annual emission estimation and forecasting models for India to understand pollution trends. The results revealed that microfibers were highly abundant in washing machine effluent, with a mean abundance of cotton, blended, and synthetic in “with detergent” conditions of 6476.67, 3766.67, and 8645/L, respectively, whereas in “without detergent,” it was lower. All identified microfibers were divided into five size classes. The study also found that powdered detergent increased the abundance and emission of tiny fibers. The overall annual emissions estimate was 1.23 × 1011 microfibers, with cotton, synthetic, and blended categories accounting for 2.11 × 1010, 1.40 × 1010, and 6.15 × 109 microfibers, respectively. Time‐series‐based future estimates (autoregressive integrated moving average [ARIMA] and error‐trend‐seasonality [ETS]) showed an alarming increase in microfiber emissions, with forecasted annual emission reaching 1.90 × 1011 by 2030. Synthetic and cotton textiles are the most significant contributors to microfiber pollution. This study emphasized the urgent need to address the issue of microfiber pollution caused by washing machine laundering in developing countries, such as India, where sociodemographic factors intensify the problem. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 SETAC

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Synthetic microfibers: Source, transport and their remediation

Cited by 125 publications

References 83 publications

Synthesis of dominant plastic microfibre prevalence and pollution control feasibility in Chinese freshwater environments

Synthesis of dominant plastic microfibre prevalence and pollution control feasibility in Chinese freshwater environments

Exposure to microplastic fibers does not change fish early life stage development of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Microfiber pollution: Assessment, emission estimation, and time‐series‐based forecast of microfibers from domestic washing machine laundering and mitigation measures

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