Synthetic Marijuana (K2) Induced Acute Liver Failure

Paez, Marco A.; Atanda, Adebayo; Odeyemi, Yewande; Mehari, Alem; Davis, Wayne B.; Laiyemo, Adeyinka O.

doi:10.12659/mscr.904807

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Spice/K2 causes an alteration in mood, perception, thinking, memory, and attention, as well as changes in the neurological, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal function similar to those caused by THC, but they vary in both spectrum and intensity [ 4 ]. In the review of the literature, we found only two case reports of acute liver injury secondary to Spice/K2 abuse [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Liver Injury Induced by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse

Shahbaz

Gaviria

Shahid

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Synthetic cannabinoid abuse can manifest with an array of unpredictable reactions ranging from sedation to hallucinations, psychosis, and seizures. Acute liver injury associated with the synthetic cannabinoid use is a rare complication. We present a case of a 22-year-old homeless male presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. He admitted regular synthetic cannabinoid use, and binge alcohol use once a week. Physical examination was remarkable only for mild icterus. The laboratory result shows abnormal liver functions tests. Viral, autoimmune, metabolic and other toxic etiologies of liver injury were ruled out. The acute liver injury was deemed to be secondary to synthetic cannabinoids toxicity. Spice-induced liver injury remains a diagnosis of exclusion after all other identifiable causes ruled out. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for synthetic cannabinoid abuse in a patient with acute hepatotoxicity who had a history of polysubstance abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spice/K-2 abuse can manifest with an array of unpredictable reactions ranging from sedation to hallucinations, psychosis, and seizures [ 1 ]. So far two cases have been documented in the literature about acute hepatitis secondary to Spice/K2 abuse [ 2 , 3 ]. We presented a case of acute liver injury secondary to Spice/K2 abuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Liver Injury Induced by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse

Shahbaz

Gaviria

Shahid

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Exposure to Synthetic Psychoactive Substances: A Potential Cause for Increased Human Hepatotoxicity Markers

Balloni,

Tini,

Prospero

et al. 2024

Clinical Chemistry

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Background Approximately 30 million people worldwide consume new psychoactive substances (NPS), creating a serious public health issue due to their toxicity and potency. Drug-induced liver injury is the leading cause of liver disease, responsible for 4% of global deaths each year. Content A systematic literature search revealed 64 case reports, in vitro and in vivo studies on NPS hepatotoxicity. Maximum elevated concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (136 to 15 632 U/L), alanine transaminase (121.5 to 9162 U/L), total bilirubin (0.7 to 702 mg/dL; 0.04 to 39.03 mmol/L), direct (0.2–15.1 mg/dL; 0.01–0.84 mmol/L) and indirect (5.3 mg/dL; 0.29 mmol/L) bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (79–260 U/L), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (260 U/L) were observed as biochemical markers of liver damage, with acute and fulminant liver failure the major toxic effects described in the NPS case reports. In vitro laboratory studies and subsequent in vivo NPS exposure studies on rats and mice provide data on potential mechanisms of toxicity. Oxidative stress, plasma membrane stability, and cellular energy changes led to apoptosis and cell death. Experimental studies of human liver microsome incubation with synthetic NPS, with and without specific cytochrome P450 inhibitors, highlighted specific enzyme inhibitions and potential drug–drug interactions leading to hepatotoxicity. Summary Mild to severe hepatotoxic effects following synthetic NPS exposure were described in case reports. In diagnosing the etiology of liver damage, synthetic NPS exposure should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis. Identification of NPS toxicity is important for educating patients on the dangers of NPS consumption and to suggest promising treatments for observed hepatotoxicity.

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Synthetic Marijuana (K2) Induced Acute Liver Failure

Cited by 2 publications

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Acute Liver Injury Induced by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse

Acute Liver Injury Induced by Synthetic Cannabinoid Abuse

Exposure to Synthetic Psychoactive Substances: A Potential Cause for Increased Human Hepatotoxicity Markers

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