Synthetic Inertia Control of Grid-connected Inverter Considering the Synchronization Dynamics

Qi, Yang; Deng, Han; Liu, Xiong; Tang, Yi

doi:10.1109/tpel.2021.3106948

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Referring to Equation (16), the electrical power values of the generators [ 32 ] are also selected as original input features. Note that the electrical power values of the nonsynchronous generators also might be related to frequency stability, according to [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Thus, in our work, the electrical power values of all generators are selected as original input features.…”

Section: Overall Process Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Entropy

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This paper addresses the problem of frequency stability prediction (FSP) following active power disturbances in power systems by proposing a vision transformer (ViT) method that predicts frequency stability in real time. The core idea of the FSP approach employing the ViT is to use the time-series data of power system operations as ViT inputs to perform FSP accurately and quickly so that operators can decide frequency control actions, minimizing the losses caused by incidents. Additionally, due to the high-dimensional and redundant input data of the power system and the O(N2) computational complexity of the transformer, feature selection based on copula entropy (CE) is used to construct image-like data with fixed dimensions from power system operation data and remove redundant information. Moreover, no previous FSP study has taken safety margins into consideration, which may threaten the secure operation of power systems. Therefore, a frequency security index (FSI) is used to form the sample labels, which are categorized as “insecurity”, “relative security”, and “absolute security”. Finally, various case studies are carried out on a modified New England 39-bus system and a modified ACTIVSg500 system for projected 0% to 40% nonsynchronous system penetration levels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on normal, noisy, and incomplete datasets in comparison with eight machine-learning methods.

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Section: Overall Process Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Liu

Han

et al. 2022

Entropy

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“…This electromechanical equation describes the balance of mechanical power input and the electrical power extracted from the spinning SM, whose stored kinetic energy balances any mismatches between the two via changes in rotational speed. Equation (22) does not describe a behaviour that is unique to an electrical voltage source. ( 2) can be used to describe an inertial device's power response to a grid frequency disturbance.…”

Section: Theoretical Definitions Of Inertial and Voltage-source Behav...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Demystifying inertial specifications; supporting the inclusion of grid‐followers

Harrison

Henderson

Papadopoulos

et al. 2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Inertial response from grid-followers (GFLs) is deemed to be "synthetic" due to a slow response. In contrast, grid-forming (GFM) inertial response is deemed to be faster and therefore "true" and more useful for frequency stability. This paper explores the differences and similarities between an established example of a GFM and a GFL inertial controller by carrying out parametric sweeps at different operating conditions. The analysis aims to assist the ongoing efforts to quantify grid stabilising phenomena, particularly the recent adaptation of the British grid code to incorporate GFM converters. The optimal tuning configurations are identified, showing that some configurations of the GFL can achieve fast inertial provision on strong grids. These configurations are shown to contain the grid frequency as effectively as the GFM, despite the opposing consensus in the literature. The results also highlight the importance of voltage-source behaviours in determining the initial evolution of grid frequency. Although a blanket inclusion of all GFL inertial configurations is not appropriate, equally, the existing blanket disqualification could limit the assets available to support GFMs (who will certainly be required to stabilise the grid in a fundamental sense) and could inhibit the rate that the net zero transition can occur.

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“…Therefore, increasing the inertia of the power system and limiting the RoCoF of the system are really important. To address the aforementioned problems, the work in [18] provides a synthetic inertia control with the ability of RoCoF mitigation and considers the inverter synchronization dynamics. The proposed controller is regulated to have a fast settling time without any oscillations.…”

Section: Rate Of Change Of Frequency In a Low-inertia Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of the Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters to Solve the Challenges of Renewable Rich Power Grids

et al. 2022

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To mitigate the fast-growing demand of electrical energy, the use of renewable energy resources, e.g., solar and wind, can offer an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution. Due to their intermittent nature, the grid connected operation of renewable energy resources provides a better performance compared to the standalone operation. However, the massive penetration of power electronic inverter/converter-interfaced renewable resources in power systems introduces new issues, such as voltage and frequency instabilities, because of their inherent low inertia properties. As a consequence, these issues may lead to serious problems, such as system blackouts. Therefore, there is an immediate demand to solve these new issues and ensure the normal performance of the power system with the large penetration of renewable energy resources. To achieve this, grid connected inverters/converters are designed to address these problems and behave as synchronous generators, which is possible with grid forming (GFM) inverters/converters concepts. This paper reviews the recent advancement of GFM converters for solving emerging issues related to the renewable rich power grids. It also provides a comprehensive review on frequency deviations and power system stability issues in low-inertia systems and recent advancements in control methods for harmonic mitigation. It is expected that this paper will help the research community to enhance the technology further to solve the challenges in renewable rich power grids.

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Synthetic Inertia Control of Grid-connected Inverter Considering the Synchronization Dynamics

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Frequency Stability Prediction of Power Systems Using Vision Transformer and Copula Entropy

Demystifying inertial specifications; supporting the inclusion of grid‐followers

State of the Art of the Techniques for Grid Forming Inverters to Solve the Challenges of Renewable Rich Power Grids

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