Synthetic hydrogels as scaffolds for manipulating endothelium cell behaviors

Abstract

Synthetic hydrogels can be used as scaffolds that not only favor endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation but also manipulate the behaviors and functions of the ECs. In this review paper, the effect of chemical structure, Young's modulus (E) and zeta potential (ζ ) of synthetic hydrogel scaffolds on static cell behaviors, including cell morphology, proliferation, cytoskeleton structure and focal adhesion, and on dynamic cell behaviors, including migration velocity and morphology oscillation, as well as on EC function such as anti-platelet adhesion, are reported. It was found that negatively charged hydrogels, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium) (PNaAMPS) and poly(sodium p-styrene sulphonate) (PNaSS), can directly promote cell proliferation, with no need of surface modification by any cell-adhesive proteins or peptides at the environment of serum-containing medium. In addition, the Young's modulus (E) and Zeta potential (ζ ) of hydrogel scaffolds are quantitatively tuned by copolymer hydrogels, poly(NaAMPS-co-DMAAm) and poly(NaSS-co-DMAAm), in which the two kinds of negatively charged monomers NaAMPS and NaSS are copolymerized with neutral monomer, N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm). It was found that the critical Zeta potential of hydrogels manipulating EC morphology, proliferation, and motility is

Mechanically strong and stretchable polyurethane–urea supramolecular hydrogel using water as an additional in situ chain extender

“…1,2 Since the pioneering work of Wichterle and Lim 3 in 1960 on covalently crosslinked polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels, synthetic hydrogels have been thought to have great potential for use in articial implants, biomedical devices, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as a result of the similarity of their soness and water content to natural so tissues, their high permeability for water-soluble nutrients and metabolites, and their potential biocompatibility. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] However, the actual utilization of classic hydrogels has been seriously impeded by their poor mechanical properties. To solve this problem, several types of chemical hydrogels with high mechanical strength have been developed over the last few decades, including covalently crosslinked sliding hydrogels, 17 double-network hydrogels, 18,19 macromolecular microsphere composite hydrogels, 20 tetra-poly(ethylene glycol) PEG hydrogels, 21 covalent bond and hydrogen bond crosslinked hydrogels, 22 inorganic clay crosslinked nanocomposite hydrogels, 23 and polyacrylamide-alginate hybrid hydrogels.…”

Semiconductor nanoparticle-based hydrogels prepared via self-initiated polymerization under sunlight, even visible light

“…Most hydrogels, whether covalently or non-covalently cross-linked, are mechanically weak and exhibit poor elasticity and a lack of physiochemical functions4. Pioneering double network hydrogels can achieve certain mechanical requirements using a typical two-step polymerization56. A nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel is another original material that can achieve ultrahigh mechanical properties due to the multiple non-covalent effects between clay nanosheets (Clay-NS) and polyacrylamide chains78910.…”

Hydrogels as feeder-free scaffolds for long-term self-renewal of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells

“…These results are consistent with our recent study (Yang JJ, Liu JF, Kurokawa T, Gong JP; unpublished) that demonstrated the self‐renewal behaviour of miPS cells on hydrogels regardless of changes in elasticity. In our previous studies, we found that the elasticity of hydrogels plays different roles on cell behaviour of anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent cells (Yang et al ., , ; Chen et al ., ). The behaviours of anchorage‐dependent cells such as endothelial cells were regulated by the elasticity of hydrogels.…”