Synthetic fluid inclusions. V. Solubility relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O under vapor-saturated conditions

Sterner, S. Michael; Hall, Donald L.; Bodnar, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90254-2

Cited by 432 publications

(215 citation statements)

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“…This succession allowed us to determine the NaCl/KCl weight ratio to 0.99 and overall NaCl + KCl salinity to 42.3 wt. % (Sterner et al 1988).…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10). Spans for particular localities Bal-1, Bar-1, Dono-62, KalHV-1, LLČV-1, Pat-1 are 99, 75, 150, 84, 98, (Sterner et al 1988) and pressures (Brown & Lamb 1989).…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salinity expressed in wt. % of NaCl equivalents was calculated using the equations of Sterner et al (1988) at the homogenization temperature of halite and is denoted on the right y-axis of the diagram in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural pattern and emplacement mechanisms of the Krížna cover nappe (Central Western Carpathians)

Prokešová¹,

Plašienka²,

Milovský³

2012

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The Central Western Carpathians are characterized by both the thick-and thin-skinned thrust tectonics that originated during the Cretaceous. The Krížna Unit (Fatric Superunit) with a thickness of only a few km is the most widespread cover nappe system that completely overthrusts the Tatric basement/cover superunit over an area of about 12 thousands square km. In searching for a reliable model of its origin and emplacement, we have collected structural data throughout the nappe body from its hinterland backstop (Veporic Superunit) to its frontal parts. Fluid inclusion (FI) data from carbonate cataclastic rocks occurring at the nappe sole provided useful information about the p-T conditions during the nappe transport. The crucial phenomena considered for formulation of our evolutionary model are: (1) the nappe was derived from a broad rifted basinal area bounded by elevated domains; (2) the nappe body is composed of alternating, rheologically very variable sedimentary rock complexes, hence creating a mechanically stratified multilayer; (3) presence of soft strata serving as décollement horizons; (4) stress and strain gradients increasing towards the backstop; (5) progressive internal deformation at very low-grade conditions partitioned into several deformation stages reflecting varying external constraints for the nappe movement; (6) a very weak nappe sole formed by cataclasites indicating fluid-assisted nappe transport during all stages; (7) injection of hot overpressured fluids from external sources (deformed basement units) facilitating frontal ramp overthrusting under supralithostatic conditions. It was found that no simple mechanical model can be applied, but that all known principal emplacement mechanisms and driving forces temporarily participated in progressive structural evolution of the nappe. The rear compression operated during the early stages, when the sedimentary succession was detached, shortened and transported over the frontal ramp. Subsequently, gravity spreading and gliding governed the final nappe emplacement over the unconstrained basinal foreland.

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“…This succession allowed us to determine the NaCl/KCl weight ratio to 0.99 and overall NaCl + KCl salinity to 42.3 wt. % (Sterner et al 1988).…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10). Spans for particular localities Bal-1, Bar-1, Dono-62, KalHV-1, LLČV-1, Pat-1 are 99, 75, 150, 84, 98, (Sterner et al 1988) and pressures (Brown & Lamb 1989).…”

Section: Fluid Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural pattern and emplacement mechanisms of the Krížna cover nappe (Central Western Carpathians)

Prokešová¹,

Plašienka²,

Milovský³

2012

Geologica Carpathica

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“…3-7, 3-8). The TmNaCl in type 2 (Lwh or Lwh') inclusions are measured to be between 190°C and 240°C, which converts to a salinity ranging between 31 and 34 wt% equivalent NaCl-CaCl 2 , after Sterner et al (1988). These TmNaCl are considerably higher than the Th for the same inclusions, which range from 69 to 125°C, with the higher Th for the three-phase fluid inclusions from Q3 (Fig.…”

Section: Microthermometric Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Graphite-bearing and graphite-depleted basement rocks in the Dufferin Lake zone, south-central Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan

Pascal¹,

Ansdell²,

Annesley³

2015

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Unconformity-type uranium deposits from the Athabasca Basin are considered to be the result of mixing between oxidized basinal brines and basement-derived reduced fluids/gases, and/or reduced basement rocks. Graphite and/or its breakdown products are suggested to be responsible for uranium mineralization by acting as a reductant that could trigger deposition of uranium.Also, graphite is considered to be indicative of basement structures; being often concentrated along structures which can be identified as electromagnetic (EM) conductors. Thus, exploration for uranium deposits is often focused on the search for EM conductors.Underlying the sedimentary rocks of the basin in the Dufferin Lake zone are variably graphitic pelitic schists (VGPS); altered to chlorite and hematite (Red/Green Zone: RGZ), and locally bleached equivalents near the unconformity during paleoweathering or later fluid interactions. These altered zones are texturally similar rocks within "graphite-depleted zones" as the unconformity is approached. Both zones are characterized by a lower concentration of carbon and sulfur, with the bleached zone showing higher concentrations of uranium and boron, the latter corresponding to high dravite content. The major element composition of the graphitebearing pelitic schists and altered equivalents (RGZ) are similar. Raman analyses indicate that well-ordered carbon species (graphite to semi-graphite) are present in the pelitic schists, with both types more common within shear zones. In contrast, only rare low-ordered carbon species (carbonaceous matter) were detected in the graphite-depleted samples within the RGZ. This variation is interpreted to be the result of graphite consumption by oxidizing fluids migrating downward from the Athabasca Group. This graphite consumption may have resulted in the production of a mobile reductant (gas or fluid), which may have played a subsequent role in the deposition of uranium mineralization.

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“…Therefore, we calculated the salinity of type-IA fluid inclusions according to Oakes et al (1990), i.e., on the basis of the system of H 2 O-NaCl-CaCl 2 , that of type-IB and type-II inclusions by freezing points for aqueous sodium chloride solutions (Potter et al 1978), and that of CO 2 -bearing type-III inclusions by clathrate-melting temperature (Darling 1991). The salinity of the fluid in inclusions containing halite and sylvite as daughter minerals can be determined by dissolution of these daughter minerals , Sterner et al 1988. However, the unknown phases in some type-I inclusions do not change upon heating, even above 550°C, suggesting that they are not true daughter minerals.…”

Section: Microthermometric Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

HYDROTHERMAL As Bi MINERALIZATION IN THE NAKDONG DEPOSITS, SOUTH KOREA: INSIGHT FROM FLUID INCLUSIONS AND STABLE ISOTOPES

Shin¹,

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2004

The Canadian Mineralogist

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At the Nakdong As-Bi deposits, South Korea, Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary sequences are cut by numerous dykes of quartz monzodiorite and porphyritic granite. In the deposit, stage I involves arsenic mineralization, chiefly associated with arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, whereas bismuth mineralization characterizes stage II, with the coprecipitation of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, bismuth, bismuthinite, cosalite, matildite, schirmerite, Au-Ag alloy, and argentite. The mineralization was initiated with the introduction of heterogeneous fluids of high salinity, presumably owing to the prominence of Ca, Mg, Na and K. At stage II, fluid immiscibility, which led to bismuth mineralization, produced (halite ± sylvite)-bearing highsalinity fluids of 27.6 to 49.3 wt.% NaCl equivalents, as well as low-salinity vapor-rich fluids. The homogenization temperatures of mineralizing fluids decreased only slightly from stage I, 283-416°C, to stage II, 222-395°C. A decrease in 18 O as well as 13 C in going from calcite in fresh limestone (␦ 18 O in the range +17.5 to +22.4‰, ␦ 13C in the range +2.3 to +4.4‰) to silicified limestone (␦ 18 O in the range +13.3 to +18.3‰, ␦ 13 C in the range -2.5 to +1.3‰) were promoted not only by Rayleigh volatilization, but also by fluid-rock interaction, with the influx of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks during the mineralization process. The fluid-rock interaction contributed to the CO 2 and CH 4 components in type-III fluids and also to the Ca-enrichment in type-I fluid inclusions. The prevailing species of sulfur in the mineralizing fluids is estimated to have been H 2 S. The ␦ 34S H2S values obtained from the sulfide minerals increased from stage I, +3.2 to +4.4‰, to stage II, +4.1 to +4.8‰, values typical of magmatic sulfur, and the temperatures of homogenization of fluid inclusions increased as well. The decrease of sulfur fugacities, from 10 -9.1 -10 -6.4 atm at stage I to 10 -15.7 -10 -9.2 atm at stage II, through sulfide precipitation and H 2 S loss, induced the destabilization of bisulfide complexes and characterized the change of mineral stabilities from arsenopyrite -pyrite -sphalerite to bismuthinite -native bismuth assemblages.

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Synthetic fluid inclusions. V. Solubility relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O under vapor-saturated conditions

Cited by 432 publications

References 12 publications

Structural pattern and emplacement mechanisms of the Krížna cover nappe (Central Western Carpathians)

Structural pattern and emplacement mechanisms of the Krížna cover nappe (Central Western Carpathians)

Graphite-bearing and graphite-depleted basement rocks in the Dufferin Lake zone, south-central Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan

HYDROTHERMAL As Bi MINERALIZATION IN THE NAKDONG DEPOSITS, SOUTH KOREA: INSIGHT FROM FLUID INCLUSIONS AND STABLE ISOTOPES

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