Synthetic electromagnetic knot in a three-dimensional skyrmion

Lee, W.; Gheorghe, Andrei Horia; Tiurev, Konstantin; Ollikainen, Tuomas; Möttönen, Mikko; Hall, D. S.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao3820

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Néel and Bloch textures, in any ferroic material. This structure resembles vortex rings previously described in the context of topological semimetals 28 , superfluids 29 and quantum chromodynamics 30 , and three-dimensional skyrmions and solitons that have been predicted and observed in ultra-cold gases (that is, Bose-Einstein condensates) 31,32 . Such a three-dimensional structure deviates from the ordinary two-dimensional skyrmions observed in magnetic systems.…”

Section: Letter Researchsupporting

confidence: 76%

Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions

Das

Tang

Hong

et al. 2019

Nature

503

417

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Section: Letter Researchsupporting

confidence: 76%

Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions

Das

Tang

Hong

et al. 2019

Nature

503

417

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“…At present, the theory considering electromagnetic fields with a different topology, known as «knotted electromagnetic fields» (KEMF), is developed; corresponding practical studies were reported [14][15][16][17] . These fields have a certain practical relevance, as they can be used in the industry of efficient new generation communication systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM Imaging of Protein Aggregation in Studying the Impact of Knotted Electromagnetic Field on A Peroxidase

Ivanov

Pleshakova

Shumov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The phenomenon of knotted electromagnetic field (KEMF) is now actively studied, as such fields are characterized by a nontrivial topology. The research in this field is mainly aimed at technical applications-for instance, the development of efficient communication systems. Until present, however, the influence of KEMF on biological objects (including enzyme systems) was not considered. Herein, we have studied the influence of KEMF on the aggregation and enzymatic activity of a protein with the example of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The test HRP solution was irradiated in KEMF (the radiation power density was 10 −12 W/cm 2 at 2.3 GHz frequency) for 40 min. After the irradiation, the aggregation of HRP was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the single-molecule level. The enzymatic activity was monitored by conventional spectrophotometry. It has been demonstrated that an increased aggregation of HRP, adsorbed on the AFM substrate surface, was observed after irradiation of the protein sample in KEMF with low (10 −12 W/cm 2) radiation power density; at the same time, the enzymatic activity remained unchanged. the results obtained herein can be used in the development of models describing the interaction of enzymes with electromagnetic field. The obtained data can also be of importance considering possible pathological factors that can take place upon the influence of KEMF on biological objects-for instance, changes in hemodynamics due to increased protein aggregation are possible; the functionality of protein complexes can also be affected by aggregation of their protein subunits. These effects should also be taken into account in the development of novel highly sensitive systems for human serological diagnostics of breast cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer and other oncological pathologies, and for diagnostics of diseases in animals, and crops. It is known that electromagnetic radiation of various intensity can have different influence on human body. Electromagnetic fields can have various topology, such as transverse and knotted one (knotted electromagnetic field, KEMF) 1,2. The simplest and most common electromagnetic waves are transverse ones, and, to date, their effects have been widely studied in various frequency and intensity ranges. As regards biomedical applications, microwave radiation is interesting in that, depending on its intensity, it is employed in biological research, and in both medical diagnostics and therapy. In this way, upon exposure of biological tissues to high-intensity radiation (~90 W/cm 2), their temperature increases to ~90 °С, and denaturation of biological objects is observed. It was shown that, under such conditions, partial loss of functional activity of proteins (for instance, peroxidase) is observed 3. At lower radiation intensity (10 μW/cm 2 4), both positive therapeutic effects (which usually take place owing to local heating 5) and negative effects are observed. Here, it should be noted that studies on the application of non-thermal effects of low-power microwave r...

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“…3e) to initiate the creation process experimentally with a condensate initially prepared in | m = 1〉, where | m 〉 denotes the m th spinor component. Such techniques 32,33 have been used to prepare, e.g., non-singular 25,27,34 and multiply quantised vortices 29 , as well as monopoles 35 , skyrmions 36 , and knots 37 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled creation of a singular spinor vortex by circumventing the Dirac belt trick

et al. 2019

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Persistent topological defects and textures are particularly dramatic consequences of superfluidity. Among the most fascinating examples are the singular vortices arising from the rotational symmetry group SO(3), with surprising topological properties illustrated by Dirac’s famous belt trick. Despite considerable interest, controlled preparation and detailed study of vortex lines with complex internal structure in fully three-dimensional spinor systems remains an outstanding experimental challenge. Here, we propose and implement a reproducible and controllable method for creating and detecting a singular SO(3) line vortex from the decay of a non-singular spin texture in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate. Our experiment explicitly demonstrates the SO(3) character and the unique spinor properties of the defect. Although the vortex is singular, its core fills with atoms in the topologically distinct polar magnetic phase. The resulting stable, coherent topological interface has analogues in systems ranging from condensed matter to cosmology and string theory.

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Synthetic electromagnetic knot in a three-dimensional skyrmion

Abstract: We experimentally simulate a quantum-mechanical particle interacting with knotted electromagnetic fields.

Cited by 67 publications

References 38 publications

Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions

Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions

AFM Imaging of Protein Aggregation in Studying the Impact of Knotted Electromagnetic Field on A Peroxidase

Controlled creation of a singular spinor vortex by circumventing the Dirac belt trick

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