Synthetic Dye Application in Textiles: A Review on the Efficacies and Toxicities Involved

Abstract

The application of dyes in textile colouration has existed for centuries. Dyes are obtained from both natural and synthetic sources. Synthetic dyes are manufactured from chemical compounds and have been placed on a high pedestal in the textile industry due to their improved colour fastness, varied range of pigments and easy application as compared to natural dyes. However, they have been identified to be harmful to the environment and human health by researchers. When effluent containing harmful chemicals like sodium sulphide is discharged into the environment improperly, they cause a lot of diseases and hinder smooth air flow. With current submissions made by researchers on synthetic dyes application as a backbone, this review throws more light on the dangers and benefits involved in the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry. It also touches on waste management as far as textile dyes are concerned. The application of synthetic dyes, precisely vat, reactive and sulphur dyes are highlighted in the study. With the purpose of addressing appropriate means of curbing undesired hazards caused by textile wastes water, several technological approaches to effluent treatment such as Physical, Chemical and Biological are brought to light in the study. The study recommends the adaptation of waste management principles such as the 5R hierarchy to curb environmental harm caused by synthetic dye effluents.

Titanium Nanostructures: Advancing Photocatalysis in Complex Systems

“…They also exhibit better light and wash fastness, making them more durable and long-lasting. Nonetheless, they are not biodegradable and are difficult to remove from textile effluents, with degradation resulting in hazardous byproducts that are released into the environment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Based on that mentioned before, this research was focused on the photodegradation of synthetic dyes that act as contaminants (i.e., Amaranth (AM), Methyl Orange (MO), and Quinoline Yellow (QY)) by titanium-based nanomaterials.…”

A Systematic Review of Polluting Processes Produced by the Textile Industry and Proposals for Abatement Methods

“…Over the years, the evolution within the textile industry caused it to become one of the industries most contaminated worldwide. The industry uses large amounts of resources, mainly water, that generate large amounts of waste that affect environmental sustainability [2][3][4]. It also hurts the aquatic ecosystem, endangering the lives of these organisms [5,6].…”

Composite Activated Carbon Modified with AlCl3 for the Effective Removal of Reactive Black 5 Dye from Wastewaters

“…Synthetic dyes are classified according to their specific applications, i.e., reactive, direct, disperse, basic, and vat. They are also classified based on their chemical structure and different functional groups, such as azo, anthraquinone, sulfur, phthalocyanine, and triarylmethane [3,4].…”

“…Graphite oxide-chitosan,2 Not referred,3 Graphene oxide supported manganese oxide,4 Amine-functioned Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles with L-arginine,5 Magnetic mesoporous carbon from Macadamia nutshell with chemical activation at 850 • C,6 Chemically modified banana peel powder,7 Modified activated carbon from Bauhenia Racemose fruit pods,8 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,9 Single-walled carbon nanotubes,10 Aluminumchloride-modified activated carbon from coconut shells.…”