Synthetic cannabinoids in “spice-like” herbal blends: First appearance of JWH-307 and recurrence of JWH-018 on the German market

Bioanalytical methods for the determination of synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites in biological specimens

“…MS detector is mostly carried out for SCs detection. Other types in use are nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) [4] which is suitable for most types of aminoalkylindoles, and flame ionization detector (FID) [106,107].…”

A new pyrazole-carboxamide type synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHFUPYCA [N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide] identified in illegal products

“…The other pyrazole derivatives, AM251 and AM281, which are analogs of SR141716A, are also selective CB 1 receptor antagonists [Ki (nM) values = 7.5 and 12, respectively] [20,21]. On the other hand, a pyrrole derivative of synthetic cannabinoid JWH-307, which was detected in illegal products [22], is known to have affinity for CB 1 and CB 2 receptors [Ki (nM) values = 7.7 and 7.1, respectively] [23]. Some detected types of synthetic cannabinoids were reported to have affinities for CB 1 and/or CB 2 receptors [23].…”

Identification and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in “spice-like” herbal mixtures: update of the German situation for the spring of 2015

“…This established protocol was facilitated by the fact that the concentration of synthetic cannabinoids is usually of the order of 50-300 mg/g [13,33,34], allowing the use of a single protocol for all samples analyzed, here, using 10 mg of each commercial product. This sample amount requires a final dilution by a factor of 100-200 to meet the dynamic range requirements of our instrumentation.…”

“…The total contents of [25] Quantification was achieved by ESI-MS/MS applying MRM and 3-(3-(1-naphthoyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)propionate as an IS (9). Binding affinities (K i ) for cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1 ) are listed when available a Samples were fluffy greenish plant material; except for sample 5B which was a brown hashish like resin b Mean of two individual extractions and measurements (n = 2) c Numbers reflect the source, letters reflect different products d Diluted in 90 % methanol, 10 % water, 1 % formic acid and 0.1 % ammonium formate Forensic Toxicol synthetic cannabinoids found in the analyzed products ranged from 66 to 446 mg/g, reflecting the ''normal'' range frequently found for such products [13,33,34]. The calculation of the concentration of the synthetic cannabinoids in commercial products depends to a great extent on the RFs.…”