Synthetic Cannabinoid Effects on Behavior and Motivation

Wessinger, William D.; Moran, Jeffery H.; Seely, Kathryn A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2294-9_9

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

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“…With respect to cannabis, SC intake may also be associated with quicker arise of the effects, shorter duration of action, and larger levels of hangover [72]. High SC dosages may induce increasing levels of anxiety [73], together with a range of unpleasant experiences (e.g. 'bad trips').…”

Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cannabinoids: Psychopharmacology, Clinical Aspects, Psychotic Onset

Martinotti

Santacroce

Papanti

et al. 2017

CNSNDDT

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Section: Clinical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cannabinoids: Psychopharmacology, Clinical Aspects, Psychotic Onset

Martinotti

Santacroce

Papanti

et al. 2017

CNSNDDT

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NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

Schifano

Orsolini

Papanti

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Over the last decade, the 'traditional' drug scene has been supplemented - but not replaced - by the emergence of a range of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), which are either newly created or existing drugs, including medications, now being used in novel ways. By the end of 2014, in excess of 500 NPS had been reported by a large number of countries in the world. Most recent data show, however, that synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, and psychedelics/phenethylamines account for the largest number of NPS.The present chapter aims at providing an overview of the clinical and pharmacological issues relating to these most popular NPS categories. Given the vast range of medical and psychopathological issues associated with the molecules here described, it is crucial for health professionals to be aware of the effects and toxicity of NPS. A general overview of the acute management of NPS adverse events is provided as well, although further studies are required to identify a range of evidence-based, index molecule-focused, treatment strategies. The rapid pace of change in the NPS online market constitutes a major challenge to the provision of current and reliable scientific knowledge on these substances.

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New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences

et al. 2019

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Background The present paper provides an updated review of both the large number of new/novel/emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) and their associated psychopathological consequences. Focus was here given on identification of those NPS being commented in specialised online sources and the related short-/long-term psychopathological and medical ill-health effects. Methods NPS have been identified through an innovative crawling/navigating software, called the ‘NPS.Finder®’, created in order to facilitate the process of early recognition of NPS online. A range of information regarding NPS, including chemical and street names; chemical formula; three-dimensional image and anecdotally reported clinical/psychoactive effects, were here made available. Results Using the ‘NPS.Finder®’ approach, a few thousand NPS were here preliminarily identified, a number which is about 4-fold higher than those figures suggested by European and international drug agencies. NPS most commonly associated with the onset of psychopathological consequences included here synthetic cannabinoids/cannabimimetics; new synthetic opioids; ketamine-like dissociatives; novel stimulants; novel psychedelics and several prescription and over-the-counter medicines. Conclusions The ever-increasing changes in terms of recreational psychotropics' availability represent a relatively new challenge for psychiatry, as the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of many NPS have not been thoroughly understood. Health/mental health professionals should be informed about the range of NPS; their intake modalities; their psychoactive sought-after effects; the idiosyncratic psychotropics' combinations and finally, their medical and psychopathological risks.

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Synthetic Cannabinoid Effects on Behavior and Motivation

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Synthetic Cannabinoids: Psychopharmacology, Clinical Aspects, Psychotic Onset

Synthetic Cannabinoids: Psychopharmacology, Clinical Aspects, Psychotic Onset

NPS: Medical Consequences Associated with Their Intake

New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences

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