Synthetic Aperture Sonar Technology Review

Hansen, Roy Edgar

doi:10.4031/mtsj.47.5.5

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A sonar with a synthetic aperture produces images whose quality does not depend on the range or the frequency. The resolution is limited by the bandwidth at a distance and by the size of the transducer, and can be equal to just a few centimeters in both dimensions [45]. The idea behind the SAS is to ensonify a single object on the seabed with a wide beam several times as the sonar moves along a planned survey line.…”

Section: Acoustic Systems For Imaging Of Seabed and Underwater Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from Developments in the Use of a Scanning Sonar to Support Diving Operations from a Rescue Ship

Grządziel

2020

Remote Sensing

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In recent years, widespread use of scanning sonars for acoustic imaging of the seabed surface can be observed. These types of sonars are mainly used with tripods or special booms, or are mounted onboard remotely operated or unmanned vehicles. Typical scanning sonar applications include search and recovery operations, imaging of underwater infrastructure, and scour monitoring. The use of these sonars is often limited to shallow waters. Diver teams or underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROV) are commonly used to inspect shipwrecks, port wharfs, and ship hulls. However, reduced underwater visibility, submerged debris, and extreme water depths can limit divers’ capabilities. In this paper, a novel, nonstandard technique for use of a scanning sonar is proposed. The new application for scanning sonar technology is a practical solution developed on the Polish Navy’s search and rescue ship “Lech.” To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, the author took part in four different studies carried out in the southeastern Baltic Sea. The tests were performed using the MS 1000 scanning sonar. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique has the potential to provide detailed sonar images of the seabed and underwater objects before the descent of divers. The divers get acquainted with the underwater situation, which undoubtedly increases the safety of the entire operation. Scanning sonars are unlikely to completely replace the work of divers but may reduce the number and duration of dives. The sonar use technique turned out to be useful when rescuing a crew of a submarine that crashed and settled on the sea bottom as part of a naval exercise. The sonar data obtained during four experimental tests performed in the Baltic Sea prove the validity, usefulness, and significance of the proposed technique, especially from the standpoint of safety of underwater work.

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Section: Acoustic Systems For Imaging Of Seabed and Underwater Objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from Developments in the Use of a Scanning Sonar to Support Diving Operations from a Rescue Ship

Grządziel

2020

Remote Sensing

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“…The signal-to-noise ratio is still range-dependent however, which causes a reduction in image quality with range. SAS processing imposes additional constraints on navigational accuracy however, as the position and orientation of the sensor must be accurately estimated for each part of the synthetic array [28]. An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is especially suited as a platform for SAS, as its movement is slow and stable, and generally has high quality inertial navigational sensors.…”

Section: A Synthetic Aperture Sonarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Cold-Water Corals in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery

Sture

Ludvigsen

Scheide

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Workshop (AUV)

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The deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa is a common reef-building scleractinian coral, or stony coral, occurring in mid to deep waters around the world. The reefs they form are regarded as hot spots for biodiversity and carbon cycling, and play a key role in benthic ecosystems in Norwegian waters. The cold-water reefs are however under increasing anthropogenic pressure due to human activities and a changing environment. Development of methods that enable time-and cost-effective monitoring of these reefs is therefore important. We propose using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) on-board autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) as a means to detect the presence of assemblages of corals. Automated segmentation of areas with coral is presented using a convolutional neural network (CNN).

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“…The principle of SAS is to combine successive pings coherently along a known track in order to increase the azimuth (along-track) resolution (Hansen, 2011(Hansen, , 2013). The HISAS system produces ultra-high resolution acoustic images with coregistered bathymetry.…”

Section: Hisas 1030mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Operations Combining ROV and AUV in the Trondheim Fjord

Ludvigsen¹,

Johnsen²,

Sørensen³

et al. 2014

mar technol soc j

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A B S T R A C TThis paper describes an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) complementing each other on a scientific cruise in the Trondheim Fjord (Norway). The Norwegian University of Science and Technology Applied Underwater Robotics-Laboratory and the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment mobilized for a collaborative cruise with an ROV equipped with video camera, dynamic positioning system, still camera for photographic mosaic, underwater hyperspectral imager (UHI) and inertial measurement unit, and the AUV Hugin HUS with synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) and still camera as main instruments. A multidisciplinary approach was used to set up the operations for using ROV, AUV, SAS, and UHI to document archaeological and biological sites. The cruise was run as an integrated operation processing data online and using collected data actively in the cruise planning and replanning.The AUV presented unparalleled area coverage capacity for mapping and search, while the ROV provided detailed information from the sites. During the cruise, approximately 20 km 2 were mapped with high-resolution sensors, and the data were ground-truthed using the ROV. These data provided new information and insight of both biological and archaeological sites.

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Synthetic Aperture Sonar Technology Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Results from Developments in the Use of a Scanning Sonar to Support Diving Operations from a Rescue Ship

Results from Developments in the Use of a Scanning Sonar to Support Diving Operations from a Rescue Ship

Recognition of Cold-Water Corals in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery

Scientific Operations Combining ROV and AUV in the Trondheim Fjord

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