Synthetic aperture radar with dynamic metasurface antennas: a conceptual development

Boyarsky, Michael; Sleasman, Timothy; Pulido-Mancera, Laura; Fromentèze, Thomas; Pedross-Engel, Andreas; Watts, Claire M.; Imani, Mohammadreza F.; Reynolds, Matthew S.; Smith, David R.

doi:10.1364/josaa.34.000a22

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Analysis in k-space has been successfully employed in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for decades to ensure images free of aliasing. More recently, it has been used to realize phaseless imaging and to implement massive, multistatic imaging systems for security screening [3,10,11,37,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-frequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures

et al. 2017

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Conventional microwave imaging schemes, enabled by the ubiquity of coherent sources and detectors, have traditionally relied on frequency bandwidth to retrieve range information, while using mechanical or electronic beamsteering to obtain cross-range information. This approach has resulted in complex and expensive hardware when extended to large-scale systems with ultrawide bandwidth. Relying on bandwidth can create difficulties in calibration, alignment, and imaging of dispersive objects. We present an alternative approach using electrically-large, dynamically reconfigurable, metasurface antennas that generate spatially-distinct radiation patterns as a function of tuning state. The metasurface antenna consists of a waveguide feeding an array of metamaterial radiators, each with properties that can be modified by applying a voltage to diodes integrated into the element. By deploying two of these apertures, one as the transmitter and one as the receiver, we realize sufficient spatial diversity to alleviate the dependence on frequency bandwidth and obtain both range and cross-range information using measurements at a single frequency. We experimentally demonstrate this proposal by using two one-dimensional dynamic metasurface apertures and reconstructing various two-dimensional scenes (range and cross-range). Furthermore, we modify a conventional reconstruction method-the range migration algorithm-to be compatible with such configurations, resulting in an imaging system that is efficient in both software and hardware. The imaging scheme presented in this paper has broad application to radio frequency imaging, including security screening, through-wall imaging, biomedical diagnostics, and synthetic aperture radar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-frequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures

et al. 2017

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“…Advances of metamaterial aperture for SAR imaging compared with conventional SAR hardware platforms (such as phased array) are lower cost, light weight, lower energy cost, much more compact. [135] Besides, metamaterial-based SAR provides not only stripmap and spotlight modalities as conventional SAR does, but also enhanced resolution stripmap and diverse pattern stripmap modalities. [135] A typical experimental set-up of SAR meta-imaging system is shown in Figure 10b.…”

Section: Synthetic Aperture Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[135] Besides, metamaterial-based SAR provides not only stripmap and spotlight modalities as conventional SAR does, but also enhanced resolution stripmap and diverse pattern stripmap modalities. [135] A typical experimental set-up of SAR meta-imaging system is shown in Figure 10b. [137] A dynamic metasurface antenna operating in X-band (10-13.7 GHz) moves parallel to the crossrange dimension while its main beam scans the imaging plane.…”

Section: Synthetic Aperture Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta‐Imaging: from Non‐Computational to Computational

Sihvola

2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Metamaterials are artificial media composed of periodic/aperiodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures (i.e., meta-atom). This class of media possess electromagnetic properties not present in the constituent materials and have yielded breakthrough electromagnetic phenomena. The capability of tailoring effective electric permittivity and magnetic permeability responses leads to a wide range of accomplishments, such as enhanced nonlinearity, [1] and electromagnetic cloak. [2] However, high losses, strong

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“…The waveguide-fed metasurface is an emerging concept for aperture antenna design that leverages resonant, subwavelength, radiating elements to generate desired radiation patterns for applications including beam forming for satellite communications [1][2][3][4], radio frequency (RF) imaging [5][6][7], wireless power transfer [8,9] and synthetic aperture imaging [10][11][12]. The use of subwavelength scattering or radiating elements over an aperture enables the effective electric and magnetic current distributions to be conceptualized as continuous, motivating a holographic design approach for the antenna as opposed to the discrete mathematics that would characterize phased arrays and electronically scanned antennas (ESAs) [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

et al. 2017

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The metasurface concept has emerged as an advantageous reconfigurable antenna architecture for beam forming and wavefront shaping, with applications that include satellite and terrestrial communications, radar, imaging, and wireless power transfer. The metasurface antenna consists of an array of metamaterial elements distributed over an electrically large structure, each subwavelength in dimension and with subwavelength separation between elements. In the antenna configuration we consider here, the metasurface is excited by the fields from an attached waveguide. Each metamaterial element can be modeled as a polarizable dipole that couples the waveguide mode to radiation modes. Distinct from the phased array and electronically scanned antenna (ESA) architectures, a dynamic metasurface antenna does not require active phase shifters and amplifiers, but rather achieves reconfigurability by shifting the resonance frequency of each individual metamaterial element. Here we derive the basic properties of a one-dimensional waveguide-fed metasurface antenna in the approximation that the metamaterial elements do not perturb the waveguide mode and are non-interacting. We derive analytical approximations for the array factors of the 1D antenna, including the effective polarizabilities needed for amplitude-only, phase-only, and binary constraints. Using full-wave numerical simulations, we confirm the analysis, modeling waveguides with slots or complementary metamaterial elements patterned into one of the surfaces.

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Synthetic aperture radar with dynamic metasurface antennas: a conceptual development

Cited by 61 publications

References 83 publications

Single-frequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures

Single-frequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures

Meta‐Imaging: from Non‐Computational to Computational

Analysis of a Waveguide-Fed Metasurface Antenna

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