Synthetic Aperture Radar Radiometric Cross Calibration Based on Distributed Targets

Abstract

SAR radiometric calibration is an essential step in inferring meaningful physical information about the target. The majority of current calibration processes are directly based on artificial calibrators, but the number of calibrators is always restricted. Cross calibration, which has been widely used for optical and meteorological satellites, performs calibration by another calibrated satellite. Distributed targets are used as the calibration reference, allowing for frequent calibration. However, the potential of introducing cross calibration to SAR satellites has not been confirmed, and two issues must be resolved: 1) The number of calibration targets available for cross calibration is limited to a few known distributed targets; 2) The imaging parameters of calibrated and uncalibrated SARs are different, which may cause errors when cross calibration is applied. In this paper, a method for selecting stable distributed targets using time-series stability analysis was presented firstly. The salinealkali land and urban areas were selected as the calibration targets with low and high backscattering, respectively. Second, different stable pixel extraction methods were adopt based on the characteristics of different targets. Thirdly, the Oh model was used to correct the scattering difference caused by the incidence angle difference, which greatly improved the accuracy of the backscattering coefficients of the calibration targets. The cross calibration experiments on the same series of satellite (Sentinel-1A/B) data revealed that the accuracy of cross calibration was comparable to the accuracy of the artificial calibrator-based method, with a difference of less than 0.48 dB (1σ).

Accuracy Analysis of Radiometric Calibration In-Orbit for SuperView Neo-2 SAR Satellite

“…External calibration, on the other hand, utilizes echo signals from corner reflectors (CRs) or active calibrator during field experiments [4]. In particular, the external calibration campaign for spaceborne SAR enables precise retrieval of radar scattering cross-section from SAR images [5]- [7], thus laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative applications of radar products. In the development stage of China's commercial remote sensing satellites, there is a scarcity of literature specifically addressing radiometric calibration based on these commercial SAR satellites.…”