Synthetic aperture radar imaging of surface ship wakes

Lyden, J. D.; Hammond, Robert; Lyzenga, David R.; Shuchman, Robert A.

doi:10.1029/jc093ic10p12293

Cited by 86 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As an example, Melsheimer et al [25] analyzed about 400 SAR wakes and 100 optical wakes and found that at least one component of the Kelvin wake could be seen in 17% of the SAR wake images, but that a turbulent wake is visible in all investigated cases. Moreover, a larger contrast of turbulent wakes at lower frequencies under moderate wind speeds was found in Reference [10]. Since narrow-V wakes come from Bragg scattering, the angle between the turbulent wake and narrow V-wakes decreases when the wavelength decreases [10].…”

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Moreover, a larger contrast of turbulent wakes at lower frequencies under moderate wind speeds was found in Reference [10]. Since narrow-V wakes come from Bragg scattering, the angle between the turbulent wake and narrow V-wakes decreases when the wavelength decreases [10]. In detail, in L-band images, narrow-V wakes appear within a half-angle from the turbulent direction ranging from 1.5 • to 4 • , whereas in X-band images [10,26], they appear as bright edges of the turbulent wake.…”

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Plenty of literature results [10,[22][23][24][25] are available on the effects of such parameters on the appearance of wake components. As a general rule, the Bragg waves over the ocean comes from roughness components that are approximately of similar wavelength as the radar wavelength [22].…”

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The turbulent wake is imaged as a dark line, surrounded by two bright lines, representative of the narrow-V wakes. The Kelvin pattern shows three features: the transverse, divergent, and cusp wakes, all imaged within an angle of 19.5 • [10] with respect to the ship track. Since the cusps are the most discernible features in SAR images, only the detection of the cusp line [11] is implemented in the proposed algorithms [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Performance Analysis of Ship Wake Detection on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A novel technique for ship wake detection has been recently proposed and applied on X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar images provided by COSMO/SkyMed and TerraSAR-X. The approach shows that the vast majority of wake features are correctly detected and validated in critical situations. In this paper, the algorithm was applied to 28 wakes imaged by Sentinel-1 mission with different polarizations and incidence angles with the aim of testing the method's robustness with reference to radar frequency and resolution. The detection process is properly modified. The results show that the features were correctly classified in 78.5% of cases, whereas false confirmations occur mainly on Kelvin cusps. Finally, the results were compared with the algorithm performance on X-band images, showing that no significant difference arises. In fact, the total false confirmations rate was 15.8% on X-band images and 18.5% on C-band images. Moreover, since the main criticality concerns again the false confirmation of Kelvin cusps, the same empirical criterion suggested for the X-band SAR images yielded a negligible 1.5% of false detection rate.

show abstract

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Ship Wake Visibility In Sar Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Performance Analysis of Ship Wake Detection on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ship wakes are often more visible than the ships themselves in SAR images of ocean surface obtained from space borne or airborne radars [4][5][6], which is of great significance to ship detection and classification. As a result of a careful examination of the experienced data and some theoretical analysis, it appears that the wake waves can mainly be classified into three categories, such as the shipgenerated Kelvin wave wakes, turbulent wakes and the internal waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Facet Scattering Model in Sar Imaging of Sea Surface Waves With Kelvin Wake

Wang¹,

Min²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

PIER B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The principal purpose of this work is the simulation of the ship wake in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging based on a facet scattering model. The hydrodynamic model of the surface waves mainly considers the Kelvin wake waves and the wind driven waves. For the prediction of radar returns from the composite surface, the semi-deterministic facet scattering model (SDFSM) is proposed, which is verified to have good performance through a comparison with the experiment by SASS-II. Then, the distributions of backscattering normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of facets are investigated for both V V and HH polarizations and characteristics of the wake pattern are shown with good visibility. On the basis of these, an application of velocity bunching (VB) imaging model is presented in detail for the simulation of SAR imaging of sea surface waves with Kelvin wake. Finally, several numerical results provide states of the effects of ship speed, wind speed and the ship sailing direction on the characteristics of Kelvin wake in SAR images. Thus, this simulation may enable us to provide a theoretical basis to the detection of ship wakes.

show abstract

SAR observation and numerical modeling of tidal current wakes at the East China Sea offshore wind farm

Chi

Chen

et al. 2014

JGR Oceans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A TerraSAR-X (TS-X) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired at the East China Sea offshore wind farm presents distinct wakes at a kilometer scale on the lee of the wind turbines. The presumption was that these wakes were caused by wind movement around turbine blades. However, wind analysis using spaceborne radiometer data, numerical weather prediction, and in situ measurements suggest that the prevailing wind direction did not align with the wakes. By analyzing measurement at the tidal gauge station and modeling of the tidal current field, these trailing wakes are interpreted to have formed when a strong tidal current impinged on the cylindrical monopiles of the wind turbines. A numerical simulation was further conducted to reproduce the tidal current wake under such conditions. Comparison of the simulated surface velocity in the wake region with the TS-X sea surface backscatter intensity shows a similar trend. Consequently, turbulence intensity (T.I.) of the tidal current wakes over multiple piles is studied using the TS-X observation. It is found that the T.I. has a logarithmic relation with distance. Furthermore, another case study showing wakes due to wind movement around turbine blades is presented to discuss the differences in the tidal current wakes and wind turbine wakes. The conclusion is drawn that small-scale wakes formed by interaction of the tidal current and the turbine piles could be also imaged by SAR when certain conditions are satisfied. The study is anticipated to draw more attentions to the impacts of offshore wind foundations on local hydrodynamic field.

show abstract

Synthetic aperture radar imaging of surface ship wakes

Cited by 86 publications

References 7 publications

Performance Analysis of Ship Wake Detection on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

Performance Analysis of Ship Wake Detection on Sentinel-1 SAR Images

Application of Facet Scattering Model in Sar Imaging of Sea Surface Waves With Kelvin Wake

SAR observation and numerical modeling of tidal current wakes at the East China Sea offshore wind farm

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About