Synthesizing Parasitology with Archaeology in Paleopathology

Reinhard, Karl J.; Araújo, Adauto

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780195389807.003.0075

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…As with viral infections, Agta living in more permanent camps (as predicted by camp housing type) also were worse off in terms of helminthic infections, matching theoretical predictions (29,33,43,44,75). Contrary to this finding, some studies have argued that high helminth burden was a major selective pressure before the Neolithic (37,39,76) because of extreme helminth rates in many semisedentarized, farmer-foragers (31,37,77).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…All those factors facilitated the spread of virulent bacterial and viral pathogens as well as soil-borne helminths (roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm) (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Although some argue that Paleolithic foragers experienced high helminth loads (37,39,40), archaeological data instead show an increase in helminths in farming populations (33,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) as compared with mobile, low-density hunter-gatherers. In summary, the overall effect of agriculture on health was a trend toward increasing morbidity and mortality (16,19,28,46), although the intensity of the trend exhibits some regional variation and inconsistencies (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

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Viguier

Dyble

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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The Neolithic demographic transition remains a paradox, because it is associated with both higher rates of population growth and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Here we reconcile the conflicting evidence by proposing that the spread of agriculture involved a life history quality-quantity trade-off whereby mothers traded offspring survival for increased fertility, achieving greater reproductive success despite deteriorating health. We test this hypothesis by investigating fertility, mortality, health, and overall reproductive success in Agta hunter-gatherers whose camps exhibit variable levels of sedentarization, mobility, and involvement in agricultural activities. We conducted blood composition tests in 345 Agta and found that viral and helminthic infections as well as child mortality rates were significantly increased with sedentarization. Nonetheless, both age-controlled fertility and overall reproductive success were positively affected by sedentarization and participation in cultivation. Thus, we provide the first empirical evidence, to our knowledge, of an adaptive mechanism in foragers that reconciles the decline in health and child survival with the observed demographic expansion during the Neolithic.quality-quantity trade-off | epidemiological transition | hunter-gatherers | Neolithic revolution | Neolithic demographic transition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Page

Viguier

Dyble

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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“…Several recent works introduced the nidus concept into the pathoecology of ancient parasitism (Reinhard, 2008;Reinhard and Araújo, 2012;Reinhard and Bryant, 2008). Pavlovsky developed the concept that natural nidi of infection are small scale zones driven by larger scale ecosystems.…”

Section: Chagas Disease Was Described By Carlos Chagas In 1908 Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistoric earth oven facilities and the pathoecology of Chagas disease in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands

Reinhard

Araújo

2015

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Imaging technology such as computed tomography (CT) scanning (O'Brien et al 2009) and X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) analysis (Booth et al 2016), histology (Crowder and Stout 2011), stable isotope analyses, ancient DNA analysis (aDNA), immunology, and parasitology (Reinhard and Araújo 2012) are now at the forefront of paleopathological diagnosis. The fastpaced advances in biogeochemical analyses and molecular biology have pushed bio archae ol o gi cal studies in new directions.…”

Section: Contemporary Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stronger Together: Advancing a Global Bioarchaeology

Baker

2017

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Bioarchaeology is a burgeoning, integrative field that spans the globe. Bioarchaeology is often thought to encompass the study of only the human remains found within archaeological sites, frequently divorced from the contexts in which they were found. The physical remains of people store a record of their biological attributes, providing information on illnesses or trauma they survived or that may have contributed to their deaths, their daily activities, biological affinities, and more. Equally informative are the different ways that people were treated in death by those who survived them. Rather than investigating only the biological remains or studying material culture alone, integrating these components permits a more complete understanding of how people experienced an array of circumstances over the course of their own lives and through multiple generations. Differing subsistence practices, access to resources, exposure to hazards, and changes in economic, political, religious, or environmental factors over time and across vast areas of the world are topics explored by bioarchaeologists. Learning how past peoples were affected by pathogens, climate change, and immigration, for example, provides insight into contemporary issues and ABSTRACTBioarchaeology is a relatively young field that aims to improve our understanding of life, death, and interrelationships among past humans around the globe. The discipline grew out of 1960s American processual archaeology and biological anthropology and emerged as human osteoarchaeology in the UK. Today, bioarchaeology is a vibrant, interdisciplinary field of study that cross-cuts biological anthropology, archaeology, and social theory to situate past peoples within their biological, cultural, and environmental circumstances. The field emphasizes not only the study of human remains but the integrative analysis and interpretation of their context, including the archaeological, sociocultural, and political milieu and the environmental setting in which people lived. The growing interest in bio archae ol o gi cal research has created the need for a new peer-reviewed journal to help unify and advance this discipline around the globe. In this introduction to Bioarchaeology International, we trace the origins of the field and the different "schools" of bioarchaeology that have developed and are now merging as the discipline has matured. We then delineate the purpose and goals of the journal, highlighting how the articles in the first issue contribute to those goals. Finally, as co-editors in chief, we describe our vision for contemporary and future directions in bioarchaeology. With this overview of the field and journal, we wish to stimulate discussion and promote international submissions. We intend for Bioarchaeology International to strengthen this growing field and help promote scholarly and public interest in our collective research.Keywords: archaeology; biological anthropology; biocultural; funerary archaeology; mortuary behavior; osteology; osteoarchaeology; paleopatholo...

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Synthesizing Parasitology with Archaeology in Paleopathology

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Reproductive trade-offs in extant hunter-gatherers suggest adaptive mechanism for the Neolithic expansion

Prehistoric earth oven facilities and the pathoecology of Chagas disease in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands

Stronger Together: Advancing a Global Bioarchaeology

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