Synthesizing magnetic graphene oxide nanomaterial (GO‐Fe₃O₄) and kinetic modelling of methylene blue adsorption from water

Abstract

Methylene blue (MB) is a frequently used dye in several industries that is detrimental both to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Graphene oxide (GO) has the application potential for dye removal from wastewater due to its high specific surface area; however, it suffers from a labourious separation step. In this work, magnetic GO nanostructure was prepared by co‐precipitation of ferrous salts in presence of GO to achieve a GO‐Fe3O4 hybrid. By choosing the proper ratio of GO to Fe3O4, the specific surface area of 280.26 m2/g could provide excellent adsorption capacity; the superparamagnetic property of the prepared adsorbent also ensures its magnetic separation from aqueous solutions. The results of adsorption experiments revealed that, within 2 min, 93%, 80%, and 50% of MB were separated from the solutions of 100, 120, 150 mg/L dye concentration, respectively. The adsorption of MB followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model, and the equilibrium isotherm study indicated that experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The impact of pH and adsorbent dosage were investigated, and the results showed that the amount of adsorbed MB onto the GO‐Fe3O4 was sharply increased to 231.6 and 246 mg/g by increasing pH and adsorbent dosage up to 6 and 15 g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of MB is endothermic and spontaneous. In addition, GO‐Fe3O4 revealed a good regeneration ability by using ethanol as the desorbent. These results suggest that the proposed adsorbent has promising potential in removing dye from water resources.

The Influences of Pore Blockage by Natural Organic Matter and Pore Dimension Tuning on Pharmaceutical Adsorption onto GO-Fe3O4

“…The distance between GO layers and the associated surface area was adjustable by controlling the mass ratio of Fe 3 O 4 to GO in the synthesis of the composite. It has been reported that Fe 3 O 4 strengthened the van der Waals force and π-π interaction between GO layers, preventing aggregation and thus increasing surface area and adsorption capacity [ 21 , 23 ].…”

Surface Modifications of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Polyvinyl Alcohol, Chitosan, and Activated Carbon or Graphite as Methylene Blue Adsorbents—Comparative Study

“…Nevertheless, several investigations have demonstrated that some undesired SPION aggregates may have lower stability, biocompatibility, and effectiveness. As a result, the use of SPION in conjunction with other stabilizing tools, such as carbon compounds, has been researched [6,10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…SPION@C using bergamia orange gave good results, with an adsorption of 141.3 mg/g [32]. SPION/GO had the highest ratio with 280.26 mg/g [25]. Since then, a number of material combinations with SPION to improve and enhance some features as well as save costs have also been implemented.…”

Surface Modifications of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Polyvinyl Alcohol, Chitosan, and Graphene Oxide as Methylene Blue Adsorbents

“…At the nanoscale, superparamagnetism, a unique magnetic feature of ferromagnetic iron oxide, does exist [14][15][16]. Comparing the MB adsorption capacity of SPIONs to SPION@Carbon sheets, SPION/expanded graphite, SPION/GO, and SPION/MWCNT, the adsorption capacity can be 45.43 [17], 95, 76.2 [18], 280.26 [19], and 280.06 mg/g, respectively [20].…”