Synthesizing biomass into nano carbon for use in high-performance supercapacitors - A brief critical review

Sahu, Ravi Kumar; Gangil, Sandip; Bhargav, Vinod Kumar; Sahu, Parmanand; Ghritalahre, Bhupendra

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108348

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 138 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, rice husk can be effectively utilized as a precursor for the production of activated carbon (ACs), a commonly used electrode material in supercapacitors. In general, the conversion of renewable biomass to ACs is considered as more worthwhile when considering production costs and energy/environmental effects 5 , 6 . Until now, ACs have been synthesized from various renewable biomasses, such as rice husk 7 , 8 , cellulose 9 – 11 , and lignin 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing specific capacitance in rice husk-derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide activation order variations

Barakat,

Mahmoud,

Moustafa

2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This manuscript investigates the influence of the chemical activation step order and process parameters on the specific capacitance of activated carbon derived from rice husk. The chemical activation was performed either before or after the carbonization step, using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as activating agents. For activation before carbonization, the carbonization process was conducted at various temperatures (600, 750, 850, and 1050 °C). On the other hand, for activation after carbonization, the effect of the volume of the chemical agent solution was studied, with 0, 6, 18, 21, 24, and 30 mL/g of phosphoric acid and 0, 18, 30, 45, 60, and 90 mL/g of 3.0 M KOH solution. The results revealed that in the case of chemical activation before carbonization, the optimum temperature for maximizing specific capacitance was determined to be 900 °C. Conversely, in the case of chemical activation after carbonization, the optimal volumes of the chemical agent solutions were found to be 30 mL/g for phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and 21 mL/g for potassium hydroxide (KOH). Moreover, it was observed that utilizing phosphoric acid treatment before the carbonization step leads to an 21% increase in specific capacitance, attributed to the retention of inorganic compounds, particularly silica (SiO2). Conversely, when rice husks were treated with KOH after the carbonization step, the specific capacitance was found to be doubled compared to treatment with KOH prior to the carbonization step due to embedding of SiO2 and KHCO3 inorganic constituents. This study provides valuable insights into the optimization of the chemical activation step order and process parameters for enhanced specific capacitance in rice husk-derived activated carbon. These findings contribute to the development of high-performance supercapacitors using rice husk as a sustainable and cost-effective precursor material.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing specific capacitance in rice husk-derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide activation order variations

Barakat,

Mahmoud,

Moustafa

2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electrochemical applications such as supercapacitors, fuel cells, batteries, or sensors require carbon electrode materials that meet certain characteristics, such as the absence of impurities, a high electrical conductivity to ensure fast electron transport, high porosity, and a specific surface area and pore size distribution that are suitable for the application [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Specifically, supercapacitors involve carbon electrode materials with high specific surface areas, above 2000 m 2 g −1 [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], combined with a mesoporous structure (the absence of large pores). In fact, the size, distribution, and geometry of the pores have a great influence on the performance of these devices [ 1 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Ni-Doped Graphene Aerogels for Electrochemical Applications

González-Barriuso,

Sánchez-Suárez,

González-Lavín

et al. 2024

Gels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbonaceous materials used in most electrochemical applications require high specific surface area, adequate pore size distribution, and high electrical conductivity to ensure good interaction with the electrolyte and fast electron transport. The development of transition metal doped graphene aerogels is a possible solution, since their structure, morphology, and electrical properties can be controlled during the synthesis process. This work aims to synthesize Ni-doped graphene aerogels to study the role of different nickel salts in the sol-gel reaction and their final properties. The characterization data show that, regardless of the nature of the Ni salts, the surface area, volume of micropores, and enveloped density decrease, while the porosity and electrical conductivity increase. However, differences in morphology, mesopore size distribution, degree of order of the carbon structure, and electrical conductivity were observed depending on the type of Ni salt. It was found that nickel nitrate results in a material with a broader mesopore distribution, higher electrical conductivity, and hence, higher electrochemical surface area, demonstrating that graphene aerogels can be easily synthesized with tailored properties to fit the requirements of specific electrochemical applications.

show abstract

“…Researchers have explored various chemical and physical activation processes to manipulate the porosity and surface area of biomass-derived carbon materials and thus enhance their electrochemical capacitive performances [16]. However, the activation treatment can somewhat improve the specific capacitance and charge-discharge capacity of biomass-derived carbon, but it requires further improvement in the capacitance and energy density of biomass-derived carbon to meet commercial demand [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in Electrochemical Performance of Waste Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Carbon via Hybridization with SiO2 Nanospheres

Alwi,

Singh,

Choudhury

et al. 2024

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sugar industries generate substantial quantities of waste biomass after the extraction of sugar water from sugarcane stems, while biomass-derived porous carbon has currently received huge research attention for its sustainable application in energy storage systems. Hence, we have investigated waste sugarcane bagasse (WSB) as a cheap and potential source of porous carbon for supercapacitors. The electrochemical capacitive performance of WSB-derived carbon was further enhanced through hybridization with silicon dioxide (SiO2) as a cost-effective pseudocapacitance material. Porous WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ pyrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-modified WSB biomass. The morphological analysis confirms the pyrolytic growth of SiO2 nanospheres on WSB-C. The electrochemical performance of WSB-C/SiO2 nanocomposites was optimized by varying the SiO2 content, using two different electrolytes. The capacitance of activated WSB-C was remarkably enhanced upon hybridization with SiO2, while the nanocomposite electrode demonstrated superior specific capacitance in 6 M KOH electrolyte compared to neutral Na2SO4 electrolyte. A maximum specific capacitance of 362.3 F/g at 0.25 A/g was achieved for the WSB-C/SiO2 105 nanocomposite. The capacitance retention was slightly lower in nanocomposite electrodes (91.7–86.9%) than in pure WSB-C (97.4%) but still satisfactory. A symmetric WSB-C/SiO2 105//WSB-C/SiO2 105 supercapacitor was fabricated and achieved an energy density of 50.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 250 W kg−1, which is substantially higher than the WSB-C//WSB-C supercapacitor (22.1 Wh kg−1).

show abstract

Synthesizing biomass into nano carbon for use in high-performance supercapacitors - A brief critical review

Cited by 13 publications

References 138 publications

Comparing specific capacitance in rice husk-derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide activation order variations

Comparing specific capacitance in rice husk-derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide activation order variations

Synthesis of Ni-Doped Graphene Aerogels for Electrochemical Applications

Improvement in Electrochemical Performance of Waste Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Carbon via Hybridization with SiO2 Nanospheres

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About