Synthesis, thermal properties, conductivity and lifetime of proton conductors based on nanocrystalline cellulose surface-functionalized with triazole and imidazole

Tritt‐Goc, Jadwiga; Lindner, Łukasz; Bielejewski, Michał; Markiewicz, Ewa; Pankiewicz, Radosław

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.03.071

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In comparison, the value of n in this paper is quite high compared to other authors – for example n ≈ 5 for Smolarkiewicz et al 4 . and n ≈ 1.17 for Tritt‐Goc 13 . The higher value of n can be explained by the various synthesis methods used by different authors.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…In comparison, the value of n in this paper is quite high compared to other authorsfor example n ≈ 5 for Smolarkiewicz et al 4 and n ≈ 1.17 for Tritt-Goc. 13 The higher value of n can be explained by the various synthesis methods used by different authors. Herein, at an atomic scale, because the contact between cellulose and imidazole is physical interaction, 14 imidazole molecules can be ruined during the vacuum filtration process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second weight‐loss step, in the range 100–270 °C, is assigned to the vaporization of water molecules located among cellulose fibers, which leads to the formation of strong intermolecular bonds and also the loss of imidazole in composite 5 . The third step, in the temperature range 270–400 °C, was caused by the decomposition of glycosidic bond in cellulose fibers; 13 the extrapolated temperature of this step is higher than the same one observed in the pure CNC sample. These results agree with the previous report 4 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Phong

Nhi

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: In this study, we have fabricated a polymeric material (CNC/Im) consisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) synthesized from Vietnamese rice husk biomass and imidazole (Im) dopant. Next, we propose a new approach to fabricate Nafion/CNC/imidazole (NCI) composite materials by mixing the CNC/imidazole hybrid into Nafion matrix using a very simple solution method, and then investigating the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. RESULTS: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the proton conductivity of the CNC/Im membrane depends on the linked molar ratio of Im to glucose units (denoted by the n index), and this value is higher than that of pure CNC by a factor of 6. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) showed that the value of the n index is around 1:17 with all the content ratios between CNC and Im. Next, we synthesized composite materials based on CNC/Im and Nafion 117 (NCI) and investigated the influence of CNC/Im on the properties of NCI membranes. The results demonstrated that proton conductivity of the NCI membranes changes according to the content of Nafion 117, and reaches the highest value of 6.19 × 10 −4 S m -1 with an Nafion 117/(CNC/Im) ratio of 2:1. It was observed that the CNC fiber bundles were surrounded by a polymer layer and no phase separation occurs in the scanning electron micrographs of NCI materials.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the prepared NCI composites will be potential materials for eco-friendly fuel cell operating in low humidity conditions.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Phong

Nhi

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…The TGA method is a rapid test for measuring a material's thermal stability to predict its real-life and longterm stability. The thermal decomposition process occurred in the compound follows first-order kinetics [53]. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis to examine the thermal stability of NCCs from banana peduncles hydrolyzed with 1, 2, and 3 M sulfuric acid for 0.5 and 1.5 h can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Heat Resistance Of Nccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from <i>Barangan</i> Banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i> L.) Peduncles Waste

et al. 2022

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Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis has an impact on the characteristics of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs). In this study, NCCs was prepared from banana peduncles through hydrolysis of sulfuric acid (concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 M) and hydrolysis time (0.5 and 1.5 h) assisted by microwave and ultrasonic energy to obtain the best NCCs. The characterization of NCCs properties, namely, yield, morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, heat resistance, particle size, and color. The results showed that the yield of NCCs decreased as sulfuric acid concentration and the time length of hydrolysis increased. The FTIR spectra of NCCs showed the most relevant molecular bands, namely O–H, C–H, and C–O, at the wavenumbers range of 3200–4000, 2500–3200, and 500–1500 cm−1, respectively. The TGA test showed that the decomposition of NCCs occurred at a temperature of 275.35–409.40 °C, with a weight loss ranging from 84.00% to 94.09%. Crystallinity index and crystal sizes range from 53.99% to 57.33% and 22.35 to 36.28 nm, respectively. The brightest color of NCCs powder was generated with 1 M sulfuric acid and a hydrolysis time of 0.5 h. In conclusion, barangan banana peduncles waste can be used as raw material for producing NCCs.

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“…Membranes composed of imidazole-doped microcrystalline cellulose (CMC-Im), imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC-Im), and triazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC-Tri) have been synthesized and have been the subject of our extensive studies. We focused on their thermal and conductivity properties, and also on the dynamics. − The CMC-Im with the highest concentration of Im showed the conductivity of 2.0 × 10 –4 S/m at 160 °C whereas, at the same temperature, CNC-Im showed the highest conductivity of 4.0 × 10 –1 S/m . In both cases, the conductivity was measured under anhydrous conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Proton Transport in Imidazole-Doped Nanocrystalline Cellulose Revealed by High-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Imidazole-doped nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC-Im) is a new proton conductor based on imidazole-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose with a conductivity of approximately 10–1 S/m at 160 °C. Its conductivity is possible due to the transport of protons from imidazoles. The dynamics of local processes were studied by 15N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy under the conditions of 1H–15N and 1H–13C cross-polarization (CP) and magic angle spinning (MAS) and by heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy. The 15N and 13C NMR spectra showed the coexistence of two fractions of imidazole molecules: slowly reorienting and exchanging protons and fast reorienting and fast exchanging protons. Analysis based on the two-phase model enabled the determination of the energy distribution of imidazole tautomerization, whose maximum value is 38 kJ/mol. The HETCOR experiment allowed determination of the binding of nitrogen protons from imidazoles to cellulose hydroxyl groups and possibly residual water. NMR studies conducted on the 13C isotope confirmed the reorientation of imidazoles. The proton transport in CNC-Im was shown to consist in the exchange of protons between imidazoles via the OH groups of cellulose and residual water conditioned by the reorientation of imidazole rings. The described proton transport leads to the observed conductivity in CNC-Im, assuming the dissociation of imidazole into anion and cation additionally.

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Synthesis, thermal properties, conductivity and lifetime of proton conductors based on nanocrystalline cellulose surface-functionalized with triazole and imidazole

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Effect of imidazole‐doped nanocrystalline cellulose on the characterization of Nafion films of fuel cells

Extraction, Isolation, and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from <i>Barangan</i> Banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i> L.) Peduncles Waste

Dynamics and Proton Transport in Imidazole-Doped Nanocrystalline Cellulose Revealed by High-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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