Synthesis, Structure, Stability, and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization by Ru^II–p-Cymene Complexes of Trimethoxyaniline-Based Schiff Bases

Abstract

Four trimethoxy-and dimethoxyphenylamine-based Schiff base (L1−L4)-bearing Ru II −p-cymene complexes (1−4) of the chemical formula [Ru II (η 6 -p-cymene)(L)(Cl)] were synthesized, isolated in pure form, and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other analytical techniques. The complexes showed excellent in vitro antiproliferative activity against *

Synthesis, Structure and Cytotoxicity of N,N and N,O‐Coordinated RuII Complexes of 3‐Aminobenzoate Schiff Bases against Triple‐negative Breast Cancer

“…The above result corroborated with the instantaneously monoaquated complex formed using 1.1 equivalents of AgNO 3 in a 3 : 7 (v/v) DMSO-d 6 : D 2 O mixture (Figure 4, S41, S42, S43). Similar features were observed earlier for other N,O coordinated Ru II (p-cymene) complexes [67,72] suggesting that perhaps the resultant monocationic Ru II is a preferred state in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. After hydrolysis, the monoaquated complexes of 7-9, remain stable for ca.…”

“…[57] It has been found that p-cymene based Ru II complexes may be an effective choice against triple-negative breast cancer cells. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64] In our endeavors, we have generated cytotoxic Ru II -(pcymene) complexes of imidazole, benzimidazole, anthraimidazoledione and aryl trimethoxy based ligand systems, with excellent efficacy against TNBC, [53,55,[65][66][67] pancreatic cancer, [54] and colon cancer. [65] To gain further insight if the N,N vs. N,O coordination proceeds with differences in stability and cell killing pathways, we designed nine Ru II (p-cymene) complexes of 3-aminobenzoate while varying the aldehydes (pyridine-2carboxaldehyde, imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde and ortho-vanillin) generating ligands L1-L7.…”

<p>Ruthenium Complexes as Anticancer Agents: A Brief History and Perspectives</p>

“…Some have shown a promising characterization as an immune-modulating anticancer agent, 145 excellent redox potential, 97 strong topoisomerase inhibitor, 98 while others have shown encouraging results such as antimetastatic activity, tubulin formation inhibition, and high selectivity against cancer cells over normal cells. [146][147][148] Recent investigations cover structurally novel scaffolds including electron-deficient ruthenium complexes 149 and macromolecular ligands such as dendrimers. 150 In this review, we present a brief description of Ru-based anticancer complexes.…”

Integration of Molecular Docking and In Vitro Studies: A Powerful Approach for Drug Discovery in Breast Cancer

“…The complexes that demonstrated a lower toxicity were selected to test their effect on the inhibition of the microtubule network in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. In silico and in vitro studies demonstrated good binding between the compounds and the tubulin, as well as antiproliferative action against advanced subtypes of cancer, such as triple-negative metastatic BC [50].…”

“…Ruarene complexes have been observed to be possible agents against cisplatin resistance with fewer side effects, demonstrating a different mechanism of action. Acharya et al synthesized four ruarene complexes and characterized them using X-ray crystallography [50], and molecular docking was performed to demonstrate their ability to bind tubulin proteins (PDB: 1SA0). The cytotoxicity of the molecules was tested in vitro by MTT assays in three different cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB-231.…”