The structure, electronic and optical properties have been studied to consider photocatalytic activity of three-layer perovskite Dion-Jacobson phase CsBa 2 M 3 O 10 (M = Ta, Nb) using the density functional theory (DFT) method with the plane-wave pseudo-potential in the frame of the GGA proposed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE). CsBa 2 Ta 3 O 10 and CsBa 2 Nb 3 O 10 are indirect band gap semiconductors with different type of M-O bonds from pure covalent to pure ionic. According to the symmetry breaking of MO 6 octahedra from O h point group to centrosymmetric (D 4h ) and non-centrosymmetric (C 4v ) point groups, the generation of local internal fields, the promotion of electron-hole pairs separation in the very initial process of photo-oxidation and the improvement in photocatalytic activity are suggested. Site and angular projected density of states for CsBa 2 M 3 O 10 show that the valence and conduction bands are made mainly of O and M orbitals, therefore the presence of dipole moment at the MO 6 octahedra will play an important role in separating of electrons and holes. According to the optical properties simulation the origin of interband transitions for CsBa 2 Ta 3 O 10 and CsBa 2 Nb 3 O 10 are from O-p and M-d orbitals. CsBa 2 Ta 3 O 10 and CsBa 2 Nb 3 O 10 are UV-light-responsive photocatalysts with plasmon energies 13.16 and 12.07 eV, respectively, which can possibly oxidize/decompose organic pollutants and generate hydrogen from water splitting.