Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Growth Mechanism of Li_1+xV₃O₈ Submicron Fibers for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

We report on the synthesis of submicron Li1+x V3O8 fibers through a facile mixed ethanol/water solution-mediated solvothermal route in the absence of surfactants. All the raw materials used are commercially available, relatively inexpensive, and low-toxic, and these can be handled in an ambient atmosphere, rendering this synthetic route as reasonably facile and efficient. To ensure a desirable and acceptable sample crystallinity and purity, we introduced a postannealing treatment at 500 °C. The monoclinic phase formation of the fiber sample was probed in detail using a series of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction measurements. Both morphology and chemical composition could be carefully and systematically tuned in terms of generating a class of novel, pure, and well-defined motifs of Li1+x V3O8. A plausible mechanism for the formation of submicron-diameter fibers has been discussed in addition to the expected phase transformation within our Li-V-O materials. Our comprehensive study should provide for needed fundamental insights into putting forth a viable synthesis strategy for the generation of well-defined morphological variants of layered oxide materials for battery applications.

Operando Structural and Electrochemical Investigation of Li1.5V3O8 Nanorods in Li-ion Batteries

“…The absorption band at 1005 cm –1 is attributed to the VO stretching frequency, while the bands at 814 and 686 cm –1 represent VOV stretching vibrations. The absorption peaks at ∼510 cm –1 could be ascribed to either VO or VO bending vibrations according to a literature report . FESEM and HRTEM (Figure a–d) techniques were employed to get further insight on the morphological and textural details of Li 1.5 V 3 O 8 .…”

“…In order to further explain the structural stability, comparison of d q /d v plots at different temperatures are plotted for the 1st and 100th cycles (Figure a,b). The first cycle d Q /d V plot indicates three redox peaks appearing between 2.5–3.0 V at 25 and 55 °C, whereas only one peak was observed at 5 °C; these three redox couples represent the phase transformation of Li 1.5 V 3 O 8 . At 5 °C, only one redox couple was observed with minor potential shift; on the other hand, the intensity of all these redox couples decrease for data acquired at 55 °C.…”

“…The absorption peaks at ∼510 cm −1 could be ascribed to either VO or VO bending vibrations according to a literature report. 41 FESEM and HRTEM (Figure 2a−d) techniques were employed to get further insight on the morphological and textural details of Li 1.5 V 3 O 8 . A low-magnification image (Figure 2a) displays monodispersed rod-like Li 1.5 V 3 O 8 crystals with an average length of ∼5 μm with a thickness of about 500 nm (Figure 2b).…”

Matched Facet‐Induced Microflower‐Like Li, Ni‐Codoped Zn3V3O8/V2O3 Nanoplate Assemblies Grown on Bamboo‐Like Carbon Nanotube for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Capacitors

“…The Li 1s spectra of LNZVO@C and LNZVO are shown in Figure S5a, Supporting Information, in which the major peak located at 55.9 eV can be ascribed to Li 1s. [ 27 ] The C 1s spectra of ZVO@C, NZVO@C, and LNZVO@C are shown in Figure 2f, in which the peak at 284.4 eV can be attributed to sp 2 ‐bonded carbon (CC) of graphite carbon, and the remaining peaks at 285.1, 285.9, and 289.1 eV can be assigned to the CO, COH, and CO bonds, respectively. [ 24 ] The C elements in the samples come from the BCNT; the results confirm the introduction of BCNT into the composites.…”

Investigation of performance of cobalt oxide (CoO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) attached to carbon nanotube (6, 0) as electrode of metal‐ion batteries: A theoretical study

“…The oxides are considered as favorable anode compounds and they have great potential to use as electrode materials in batteries. [11][12][13] Therefore, search and discovery of novel batteries are significant.…”