Synthesis strategies of smart 3D nanoarchitectures and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Abstract

The creation of effective and clean energy storage technologies has advanced dramatically due to growing worldwide worries over the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental issues. Energy storage and conversion systems have emerged as a crucial component with the development of numerous electronic devices, enabling the devices to function for extended periods of time. Due to their enormous surface area, strong electrical conductivity, and ion transport, 3D self‐supported nanoarchitectures associated with electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices can offer alternatives for enhancing the performance and advancement of existing EES systems. Here, we present the results of our findings regarding the design, production, and use of self‐supported 3D nanostructures in energy storage and conversion systems such as supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, and fuel cells. A variety of advanced 3D nanomaterials may be readily created on an immense scale using various synthetic techniques, and they have a great deal of potential for use as electrodes in energy storage and conversion devices with much better performance. These fabrication techniques include electrochemical deposition, electrospinning, chemical precipitation, spray pyrolysis, sol‐gel method, hydrothermal method, chemical vapor deposition, and so forth.