Synthesis, Spectroscopy, X‐ray Crystallography, and DFT Computations of Nanosized Phosphazenes

Abstract

9)] were synthesized using ultrasonic method and characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR, FT-IR, fluorescence, as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy and additionally with XRD, FE-SEM, N 2 sorption, and elemental analysis. The 31 P NMR spectra of compounds 1-9 reveal the most up field shift δ( 31 P) for 9 at -11.45 ppm reflecting the most electron donation of 2-aminopyridinyl rings through resonance to the phosphorus atom. The 1 H, 13 C NMR spectra of 7 exhibit two sets of signals for the hydrogen and carbon atoms of its two isomers present in the solution state in 1:4 ratio. The FE-SEM micrographs illustrate that the nanoparticles of compounds 1-9 have spherical morphology and a size of 27-42 nm. From the XRD patterns, the crystal sizes were * Dr. Z. Shariatinia Fax: +98-2164542762 E-Mail: shariati@aut.ac.ir [a] 967 estimated to about 24-86 nm. The highest bandgap was measured for 3 (3.81 eV) whereas the smallest was measured for 8 (3.50 eV). The structures of two polymorphs of compound 5 (5, 5Ј) were determined by X-ray crystallography at 120 K. Both of these polymorphs are triclinic with P1 space group but 5 has a doubled unit cell volume and two symmetrically independent molecules (5a and 5b). In structures 5a and 5Ј, the phosphorus and all endocyclic atoms of two morpholinyl rings display disorder, whereas the molecule 5b does not show disorder. The strong intermolecular O-H···O hydrogen bonds plus weak intermolecular C-H···O and C-H···N interactions create three-dimensional polymers in the crystalline networks of 5 and 5Ј. The DFT computations illustrate that molecule 5b is more stable than 5a by -1.1062 and -0.9779 kcal·mol -1 at B3LYP and B3PW91 levels, respectively. The NBO calculations presented sp 3 d hybridization for phosphorus and sulfur atoms and sp 2 , sp 3 hybrids for the nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

DFT Modeling of Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters: A Crucial Role of Proton Exchange and Hydrogen Bonding

“…Very recently, bifunctional (thio)urea-phosphazene catalysts were used in ROP of d,l-LA, δVL, and εCL [192]. Note that quantum chemical methods were successfully applied for the design of novel phosphazene catalysts in terms of Brønsted basicity [193,194]. We believe that DFT modeling could also be usefully extended to phosphazene-catalyzed ROP of different substrates.…”

Role of donor‐acceptor functional groups in N3P3 cyclic‐triphosphazene backbone. Unraveling bonding characteristics from natural orbitals within an extended transition state‐natural orbital for the chemical valence scheme

“…Such systems give rise to potential applications including drug delivery systems, biological activity, and catalysis . Such systems have also been used as base support for the formation of nanomaterials, as well as heterocyclic‐triphosphazenes that can form interacting host‐guest systems. They are capable of acting as precursors for polymer obtention .…”