Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Solution Behavior of Vinylpyrrolidone-co-Monoalkyl Itaconate and Vinylpyrrolidone-co-Dialkyl Itaconate Copolymers

Abstract

Copolymers containing vinylpyrrolidone and mono and dialkyl itaconate units with different length in the side chains were synthesized and characterized. Copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with three different compositions of monomethyl, monoethyl, monopropyl, monoamyl, dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, and diamyl itaconate were obtained by radical polymerization. The reactivity ratios was estimated by using the classical Fineman−Ross and Kelen Tüdos procedures. These parameters were also estimated using a computer program based on nonlinear minimization algorithm, starting from the values of r 1 and r 2 obtained by the linear procedures. The copolymers can be considered as random. Fractionation of the copolymers were achieved by fractional precipitation. Fractions were characterized by viscometry and light scattering measurements. The unperturbed dimensions were determined using the Stockmayer−Fixman method. Higher rigidity indexes and characteristic ratios are observed in copolymers containing diitaconate units than that with monoitaconate moieties. The dependence of the glass transition temperature T g with copolymer composition and its correlation with the chain stiffness is also analyzed.

Synthesis of Water‐Soluble Copolymers Carrying Long‐Chain (C12 to C30) Aliphatic Moieties

“…[24] The very broad band centered at %3400 cm À1 is attributed to n(OH) vibrations of H-bonded water to carbonyl NVP moieties. The peak intensity of all vibration bands arising from NVP moieties decreased with increasing AIC 22 content in the copolymer, which confirms the copolymer formation between AIC 22 and NVP. On the other hand, AIC 22 moieties presented a series of peaks at 2920, 2850, 1725, and 1179 cm À1 , which are attributed to n(CH) of methylene groups (2920 and 2850 cm À1 ), n(C¼O) of ester groups, and CO bending, respectively.…”

“…The obtained r 1 and r 2 values indicate an alternating incorporation of monomers into the final copolymers, in agreement with previous r 1 and r 2 values obtained by Radić and Gargallo for copolymers of NVP and mono 1-alkyl itaconates with chain lengths from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. [22] C C As a consequence of the low reaction yield obtained for AI C30M , it was not possible to synthesize a variable composition of poly(AI C30M -co-NVP) and to determine the reactivity ratios. Based on the fact that r 1 r 2 values for copolymers bearing C 12 , C 18 , and C 22 chains are similar and lower than 1, it is expected that poly(AIC 30M -co-NVP) would show a r 1 r 2 value close to the rest of studied copolymers and, therefore, a similar tendency toward alternation.…”

2-Vinylpyridine-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-vinylpyridine-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymers: synthesis and reactivity ratios

“…The observed di †erences among the values of MRR obtained for the copolymers are expected, according to data reported in literature. 4,5,13,17 It is interesting to note the good agreement shown in the di †erent sets of data. In all cases the tendency is similar.…”

Poly(vinylpyrrolidone): Configurational assignments by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

“…1,2 N-vinyl pyrrolidone is frequently used as a comonomer, [3][4][5] mainly because of its amphiphilic character. N-vinyl pyrrolidone contain a highly polar amide group that confers hydrophilic and polar-attracting properties, while the methylene and the methine groups in the main and side chains confer hydrophobic properties.…”