Synthesis, properties and mechanism of carbon dots-based nano-antibacterial materials

Abstract

Antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of diseases, but bacterial resistance caused by their widespread and unreasonable use has become an urgent problem in clinical treatment. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the development of nanomedicine has been transformed into a new approach to the problem of bacterial resistance. As a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the interest of antibacterial researchers due to their ease of preparation, amphiphilicity, facile surface functionalization, and excellent optical properties, among other properties. This article reviewed the synthesis methods and properties of various CDs and their composites in order to highlight the advancements in the field of CDs-based antibacterial agents. Then we focused on the relationship between the principal properties of CDs and the antibacterial mechanism, including the following: (1) The physical damage caused by the small size, amphiphilicity, and surface charge of CDs. (2) Photogenerated electron transfer characteristics of CDs that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in themselves or in other compounds. The ability of ROS to oxidize can lead to the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, as well as damage proteins and DNA. (3) The nanoenzyme properties of CDs can catalyze reactions that generate ROS. (4) Synergistic antibacterial effect of CDs and antibiotics or other nanocomposites. Finally, we look forward to the challenges that CDs-based nanocomposites face in practical antibacterial applications and propose corresponding solutions to further expand the application potential of nanomaterials in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly drug-resistant bacterial infections.

MXene: A wonderful nanomaterial in antibacterial

“…Rapid advances in materials science and nanotechnology have enabled the development of new materials and methods for treating bacterial infections, making strategies to overcome bacterial resistance increasingly important ( Zhu et al, 2023 ). Nanomaterials can interact with microorganisms without relying on antibiotics through multivalent interaction (multivalent interaction) to inhibit cellular functions ( Fu et al, 2019 ; Pashazadeh-Panahi and Hasanzadeh, 2019 ; Yu et al, 2020 ).…”

Manganese Doping in Biomass Derived Carbon Dots Amplifies White Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity

“…Today, there are numerous methods being used for the synthesis of antimicrobial agents from natural products, the alteration of existing antibiotics, and the combination of two or more antibiotics . Nanomaterials like metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Cu NPs), metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, AgO, Fe 2 O 3 NPs), and inorganic nonmetallic nanoparticles (carbon-based nanomaterials, black phosphorus, Si QDs) have been found to be promising antibacterial agents . They have a large surface area, which provides superior multivalent interaction capacity with microorganisms and the ability to infiltrate into the cell wall of bacteria and disrupt the functioning of bacterial cells, which influences bacterial growth.…”

“… 4 Nanomaterials like metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Cu NPs), metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, AgO, Fe 2 O 3 NPs), and inorganic nonmetallic nanoparticles (carbon-based nanomaterials, black phosphorus, Si QDs) have been found to be promising antibacterial agents. 5 They have a large surface area, which provides superior multivalent interaction capacity with microorganisms and the ability to infiltrate into the cell wall of bacteria and disrupt the functioning of bacterial cells, which influences bacterial growth. However, carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity compared to metal/semiconducting nanomaterials.…”