To reduce the burden of solid-state lighting and phosphor-converted
light-emitting diode technologies on rare earth (RE) and avoid their
potential supply risks, we have developed a RE-free Zn2GeO4 (ZGeO) microcrystalline phosphor. It was synthesized
by a simple and scalable solid-state reaction of ZnO and GeO2 at 1200 °C. High-temperature synthesized ZGeO demonstrated
color tunable emission from bluish-white to green on changing the
excitation wavelength from 265 to 335 nm with a photoluminescence
quantum yield of 42 and 9%, respectively. They could also convert
highly energetic X-ray to bluish-green light emission. First-principles
calculations showed that bluish-white and green light emissions are
linked to zinc interstitials present, respectively, in zinc (Zn
i
2) and zinc–germanium rings (Zn
i
1). These defects generated
in large numbers via high-temperature annealing along with antisites
boosted the generation of trapping centers leading to dual persistent
luminescence (PerL) of white and green light for more than 60 min
as well as exhibited radioluminescence. Luminescent ink based on ZGeO
was fabricated and successfully tested for anticounterfeiting applications.
An extra effort has been vested on making this solid-state processed
ZGeO dispersible in water-soluble deep eutectic solvent which could
be a game changer for its marketability. This material has great potential
to become an efficient RE and dopant-free phosphor synthesized by
a simple, scalable, and cost-efficient route for applications in solid-state
lighting, display, and anticounterfeiting, having multifunctionalities
such as PerL, tunability, and RL.