“…The energy transfer rate constant ( k ET ) between the adsorbed porphyrin and the edge modified pyrene was calculated by eq . where φ D is the fluorescence quantum yield of the energy donor (pyrene), τ D is the excited lifetime of the donor (101 ns), , R is the distance between donor molecule and acceptor molecule, κ is the orientation parameter, n sol is the refractive index of the bulk medium (1.33, water), N A is the Avogadro constant and J is the integral overlap between the fluorescence spectra of donor and the absorption spectra of acceptor. The J value was calculated from observed fluorescence and absorption spectra of pyrene and p -TMPyP, respectively ( J = 1.0 × 10 –13 M –1 cm 3 ).…”