Organic dye contamination of water is a contributing
factor to
environmental pollution and has a negative impact on aquatic ecology.
In this study, unsupported NiO and kaolin-supported NiO composites
were synthesized by a one-step wet impregnation–precipitation
method through the precipitation of nickel hydroxide onto locally
accessible, inexpensive, and easily treated kaolin surfaces by using
sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The product was calcined
at 500 °C and used for the catalytic oxidative degradation of
methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution. The morphology, structure,
and interactions of the synthesized materials were explored by SEM,
XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The characterization results revealed
the fabrication and the growth of NiO on the kaolin surface. To determine
the catalytic oxidative degradation performance of the catalyst, many
experiments have been performed using the MB dye as a model dye. The
catalytic degradation tests confirmed the importance of NiO and the
high catalytic activity of the synthesized NiO/kaolin composite toward
MB dye degradation. The oxidative degradation results showed that
the optimized precursor amount on the kaolin surface could efficiently
enhance the removal of MB dye. The kinetic investigation of the catalytic
degradation of MB dye fitted the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
High removal efficiency was observed after eight reuse cycles, proving
the exceptional stability and reusability of the composite. The catalytic
process also proceeded with a low activation energy of 30.5 kJ/mol.
In conclusion, the kaolin-supported NiO composite was established
to be a favorable catalyst to degrade a model dye (MB) from an aqueous
solution in the presence of inexpensive and easily available NaOCl
with a catalytic efficiency of the material higher than 99% of the
20.3 mg catalyst within 6 min with an apparent rate constant, k
app, higher than 0.44625 min–1, which is far better than that of the unsupported catalyst with
a k
app of 0.0926 min–1 at 10 mg dose in 20 min.