Abstract:A physicochemical analysis was performed on the solution used for synthetizing zinc sulfide (ZnS) films by chemical bath; such solution contained zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, ammonium nitrate and thiourea as chemical reagents. Solubility curves and species distribution diagrams were used to obtain the best conditions for ZnS deposition in a wide range of bath temperatures between 25 and 90 • C. Solubility curves evidenced the necessity to adjust the thiourea concentration for each bath temperature in or… Show more
“…SDDs have proven to be a successful tool to nd the optimal lms deposition conditions by chemical bath. 19,20 In this work, a methodology to synthesize structured ZnO lms by the MWCBD technique based on a theoretical physicochemical analysis is presented. …”
“…SDDs have proven to be a successful tool to nd the optimal lms deposition conditions by chemical bath. 19,20 In this work, a methodology to synthesize structured ZnO lms by the MWCBD technique based on a theoretical physicochemical analysis is presented. …”
“…This is explained by the too low amount of ammonia speciation in this part (pH > 11.5) due to the descending behaviour of the amino line. Thiourea can be dissociated into three species: , , and according to the following equations [31]: …”
Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were synthesised by chemical bath deposition technique without using complexing agent. A physicochemical study was realized on the growth solution composed of ZnCl 2 , KOH, and SC(NH 2 ) 2 . The bath solution was at 60°C and pH values of 11.5, 12, and 12.5 were selected for growing the material. The species distribution diagrams, and solubility curves show that the growth mechanism requires the presence of zinchydroxide ions, and alkaline pH for growing the ZnS. The physicochemical properties of the samples improve as the pH of the solution increases. Samples deposited at pH=12.5 present a cubic structure (sphalerite) and bandgap energy of 3.72 eV, consistent with bulk-ZnS. For comparison, additional chemical baths were prepared by using NH3 as complexing agent; however, the properties of those samples result inferior. This methodology was validated by depositing ZnS films at 40°C without the complexing agent, obtaining similar results.
“…Readers are referred to section F of the Supplementary Information for the specific details of each step presented in Figure 7. Also, a detailed discussion of the use of SDDs and SCs for the study of ZnS, ZnO and Zn(OH) 2 [156-181] are also presented at such section in the Supplementary Information. Figure 7 Generalized algorithm for obtaining the SDDs and SCs for depositing M 2+ (M = Zn, Cd) for CBD technique.…”
Section: The Algorithm For Calculating the Optimized Chemical Conditi...mentioning
The material deposition in aqueous solution, also known as chemical bath deposition (CBD), is a well-established technique for the fabrication of semiconducting thin films. The success of the CBD technique is mainly based on the relatively easy implementation and operation requirements. The CBD has importantly contributed to the development of sensors, optical devices and solar cells applications. In this review, the origins and current state of the art of the CBD technique, the involved physicochemical processes, the growing mechanisms, and the analytical techniques for the estimation of optimal physicochemical conditions for the film deposition are discussed. Emphasis on authors' experience on CBD of CdS, ZnS, Zn (OH) 2 , and ZnO films are here highlighted, following methodologies for a high control of the deposited materials, such as the species distribution diagrams and the solubility curves.
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