Synthesis of ZnO Nanorod-Decorated Graphene Oxide for Application in Dental Resin Composites

Abstract

Biofilm formation on resin composite surfaces is associated with the occurrence of secondary caries around restorations. As a promising antibacterial nanomaterial, graphene oxide is effective to suppress the viability of the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, GO naturally expresses brown, which limits its potential application in dentistry. In this work, ZnO nanorod-decorated graphene oxide (GO n @ZnO) particles were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method, and their optical property was regulated by changing the amount of seeded GO (n value) in the microemulsion. Among all hybrid particles, GO 3 @ZnO exhibited a bright gray color and lowest UV absorbance and therefore was selected as an optimal functional filler to produce dental composites with different loadings (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3 wt %). The effects of GO 3 @ZnO loading on light transmittance, polymerization conversion, mechanical property, in vitro cell viability, and antibacterial effect of dental composites were systematically explored. The results exhibited that the 0.5 wt % GO 3 @ZnO-filled composite demonstrated comparable degree of conversion (60 s), higher flexural strength and modulus, and similar cell viability to the control. This composite also effectively inhibited the growth of S. mutans, giving a significantly lower bacterial concentration (3.9 × 10 7 CFU/mL) than the unfilled resin (8.5 × 10 7 CFU/mL) and the 0.5 wt % GO-filled composite (6.6 × 10 7 CFU/mL), respectively. The introduction of GO 3 @ZnO in dental composites could be a promising strategy to prevent secondary caries and extend service life.

Developing a Selection Framework for Zinc Ion-Based Biomaterial Design: Guided by the Biosafety Assessment of ZIF-8 and ZnO

“…For instance, we have designed various forms of multifunctional nano-ZIF-8 materials to promote vascularized osteogenesis, − and effectively bacterial-infected wounds treatment. − As for ZnO, our investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticle-decorated nanocomposites in combating Streptococcus mutans infections, and their ability to facilitate bone defect repair through the upregulation of osteogenic genes . In addition, the angiogenic ability and wound healing capacity of nano-ZnO have also been effectively demonstrated. − …”

Antimicrobial hydrogels incorporating nanoselenium@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for biofilm inhibition

“…gold, silver, platinum, zinc, etc. 11–13 In addition to its high surface area and functional groups, which enhance nSe stability, the structure of GO with sharp edges is also suggested to participate in the inhibition of bacterial growth with minimal toxicity. 14,15 It is reported to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), inactivate respiratory chain enzymes, and cause intracellular material leakage.…”

Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Boron Nitride/Methacrylic Acid Quaternary Ammonium Composites Reinforced Dental Flowable Resins

“…Numerous methods have been developed to inhibit or reduce the adhesion and colonization of bacterial biofilms, including physical mixing of antimicrobial agents with resin-based materials . The releasing-type antimicrobial agents, such as metal nanoparticles, − fluoride, , and chlorhexidine (CHX). Or contacting-type antimicrobial agents, like quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) , and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). , However, releasing-type antimicrobial agents are accompanied by the complete release of the antimicrobial agent, leading to a loss of antimicrobial efficacy.…”