Synthesis of ZnO–carbon composites and imprinted carbon by the pyrolysis of ZnCl2-catalyzed furfuryl alcohol polymers

Cesano, Federico; Scarano, Domenica; Bertarione, Serena; Bonino, Francesca; Damin, Alessandro; Bordiga, Silvia; Prestipino, Carmelo; Lamberti, Carlo; Zecchina, Adriano

doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.07.033

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The broad band at around 573 cm À1 is due to disorder-activated Raman scattering for the A 1 mode, results also confirmed by the literature [28]. These bands are associated with the first-order Raman active modes of the ZnO phase [29]. There is also other multi-phonon band at 750-820 cm À1 possibly due to small defects [30].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

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The effect of cooling rate during hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods

Savú

Parra

Joanni

et al. 2009

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…There is also other multi-phonon band at 750-820 cm À1 possibly due to small defects [30]. A larger, less intense Raman band, in the Raman shift region from 1150 to 1400 cm À1 , is attributed to the optical overtone and associated with the second-order Raman active modes [29]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effect of cooling rate during hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods

Savú

Parra

Joanni

et al. 2009

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…[1] In contrast, the spectra taken at the base of the pillars ( ), [51][52][53] even if a small contribution of the anatase Raman peaks is detected. The same conclusions can be drawn from XRD experiments taken on the as-obtained monolith (to maximize the contribution of the surface layers, Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Oriented TiO₂ Nanostructured Pillar Arrays: Synthesis and Characterization

Cesano¹,

Bertarione²,

Damin³

et al. 2008

Advanced Materials

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TiO 2 with tailored porosity, particle size, and shape in the nanometer range is attracting a lot of attention because of its potential use in photocatalysis and energy conversion. As far as photocatalysis applications are concerned, the use of high surface area TiO 2 as a photocatalyst for pollutant degradation and for water splitting is of particular interest. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The presence of bulk defects and grain boundary barriers-associated with the small dimensions of the particles, recombination of electrons, and holes generated by band-gap excitation-is limiting the photoconversion efficiency. [8][9][10] To improve charge separation and the associated catalytic efficiency, researchers have essentially followed two strategies. The first centers on tailoring of the size, shape, and threedimensional organization of TiO 2 particles [1,2,11,12] or of Ti-O-Ti wires with semiconductor character. [5,[13][14][15][16] The second strategy focuses on improving the photocatalytic properties: i) by incorporating metal cations and anions (mainly nitrogen, sulphur, iodine, and other elements) into the bulk; [6,14,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] ii) by supporting metal particles (mainly Au, Ag, Pt, Ni). [1,3,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Interesting results are obtained when the two abovementioned research directions are combined to benefit from the sum of their advantages. [32] Several strategies have been adopted for the development of energy conversion applications in solar cells. [1,3,[33][34][35][36] Among them, the use of dye-sensitized TiO 2 nanostructures has an outstanding reputation and both experimental and theoretical evaluations of the efficiency-limiting factors have been identified. [33,37,38] Recently, it has been shown that the use of ordered arrays of TiO 2 nanostructures (either pure, such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods [39][40][41] or TiO 2 -based architectures, [15,42,43] which replace the traditional nanoparticle film) can improve the efficiency. [9,34,40,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Moreover, it is evident from recent literature data [1,3,9,44,50] that the innovative synthesis of TiO 2 particle arrays, either pure or anchored to conducting substrates, plays a leading role in both photocatalysis and energy conversion applications.In this paper, we describe a new method for the synthesis of parallelly aligned TiO 2 micropillars, either pure or fixed to a rigid carbon support. Accurate characterization shows that, depending upon the synthesis conditions, the micropillars constitute of partially cemented pure anatase or a mixture of coexisting anatase and rutile particles with a diameter in the 10-20 nm range. The obtained materials combine high surface areas ($60 m 2

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“…2(c)) of the TGP-3, TGP-5, and TP typically show peaks in the range of 300-500 and 1300-1600 cm À 1 , respectively. In these Raman spectra there are two large peaks, one is near 1338 cm À 1 which is D peak from amorphous structures of carbon, another is near 1605 cm À 1 which is G peak from graphitic structures of carbon [34]. The broad band appeared between 300 and 500 cm À 1 might be due to a contribution from the amorphous Si-O-C-related structure [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%