Synthesis of zeolites from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst

Ferella, Francesco; Leone, Simona; Innocenzi, Valentina; Michelis, Ida De; Taglieri, Giuliana; Gallucci, Katia

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.175

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the oil refinery, the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important secondary conversion procrss [1][2][3][4] . The crude oil can be converted into the valuable small molecules products, which is an essential process for gasoline production 5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with spent FCC catalyst loaded with ferric oxide and titanium dioxide

Zhang

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst has been loaded with ferric oxide (Fe 2 o 3) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2). Fe-Ti/SF composite (loaded with 5 wt% TiO 2 and 5 wt% Fe 2 o 3), Fe/SF composite (loaded with10 wt% Fe 2 o 3) and Ti/SF composite (loaded with 10 wt% TiO 2) have been fabricated via a modified-impregnation method. The band gaps of the Fe-Ti/SF, Fe/SF and Ti/SF composites (evaluated by the energy versus [F(R∞)hv] n) are 2.23, 1.98 and 3.0 eV, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the Fe-Ti/SF has lower electron transfer resistance, it has the small charge transfer resistance and fast charge transfer rate. The interparticle electrons transfer between the fe 2 o 3 and tio 2 , which can improve the separation of the photo-electrons and holes. The holes transfer from valence band of TiO 2 to the valence band of Fe 2 o 3 , which can provide more active sites around the adsorbed molecules. The methylene blue degradation efficiencies (with the Fe-Ti/SF, Fe/SF and Ti/ SF composites) are ~ 94.2%, ~ 22.3% and ~ 54.0% in 120 min, respectively. This work reveals that the spent fcc catalyst as supporter can be loaded with fe 2 o 3 and tio 2. This composite is highly suitable for degradation of methylene blue, which can provide a potential method to dispose the spent FCC catalyst in industry.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with spent FCC catalyst loaded with ferric oxide and titanium dioxide

Zhang

2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Based on the results of XRD and BET analysis, the product obtained from HCl-activated CFA had the best purity of 87% wt. (Ferella et al, 2019) have investigated the effect of HCl acid activation on a spent FCC (SFCC) catalyst (consisting of zeolite Y attached to the active matrix of silica-alumina-clay) as a raw material in the synthesis of zeolite Y. The activation process was carried out at a ratio of HCl/SFCC acid solution (L/S) = 10:1, with an HCl concentration of 0.8-1.6 mol/liter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Application of HCl-Activated LTA Zeolite from Lampung Natural Zeolite (LNZ) for Bioethanol Purification

Ginting

Wardono²,

Islamia

et al. 2022

J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lynde Type-A (LTA) zeolite as being molecular sieve and hydrophilic zeolite is used to dehydrate water in the purification of bioethanol. LTA zeolite from LNZ has a small surface area of 29,62 m2/g. Adding HCl activators to LTA Zeolite from LNZ was carried out to increase the surface area of LTA zeolite. The activation of LTA zeolite was carried through in a closed erlemeyer with various HCl concentration: 10% w/w, 15 % w/w, and 20% w/w and the ratio acid/LTA zeolite was 10 ml: 1 gram. The XRD analysis showed that the structure of LTA zeolite activated does not change despite the process of activation, and the highest percentage of crystallinity was obtained at 68.25% wt by concentration of HCl at 20 % w/w. The result of XRF analysis showed that the highest of impurity removal and the highest of decreasing ratio of Si/Al was in the LTA zeolite activated by HCl 20% w/w. The result of BET analysis showed the largest surface area at 45.67 m2/g obtained by adding 10% w/w of HCl activator, which was 45.67 m2/g, and the size of zeolite’s pore volume was 0.027 cc/g. The result performance of LTA zeolite activated obtained the highest purity of bioethanol by 99.74 % v/v at HCl concentration 20% w/w.

show abstract

“…Nowadays, a main handling way of a spent FCC catalyst is landfilling, yet many factors will restrict this approach in the future, especially its economic costs brought by a land use right, and the environmental impact after a landfill leachate penetrates into the soil. Instead, a spent FCC catalyst has widely been explored as a replacement of the raw materials in the production (laboratory scale) of a cement mortar (Al-Jabri et al, 2013;Payá et al, 2013), a concrete (Neves et al, 2015), ceramics (Ramezani et al, 2017), a geopolymer (Font et al, 2017), a zeolite (Ferella et al, 2019), an asphalt (Xue et al, 2020), and a brick (Taha et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study focuses on the recycling of a spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst to produce catalyst-based non-sintered bricks (CN-bricks) for the recovery of its aluminosilicate components and the solidification of heavy metals. The effects of the content of cement (10–20%), the proportion of FCC (10–40%), and the type of an activator (NaOH/Na2SiO3/Na2SO4) on the performance of a CN-brick were investigated in terms of the mechanical strength and leaching behavior. The results show that an optimal binder system of 20% cement + Na2SO4 could promote the compressive strength up to 42.3 MPa; the proportion of an optimal spent FCC catalyst of 20% could achieve the lowest porosity and water absorption. The microscopic mechanism of a cementitious process was analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), proving that C-S-H and ettringite (AFt) are the two main hydration products of a CN-brick. Na2SO4 is superior to NaOH or Na2SiO3 as an activator since Na2SO4 takes advantage of the aluminum-rich property of a spent FCC catalyst and specifically promote the formation of a needle-like AFt. Quantitative environmental risk assessment for the utilization of a CN-brick on roads was carried out based on the leaching test of a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), NEN 7371 maximum availability test, and the hazard Index (HI) identification, and a final HI 0.0045 (<1.0) indicates an acceptable risk for environment and nearby residents as CN-bricks are utilized on roads for 30 years.

show abstract

Synthesis of zeolites from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with spent FCC catalyst loaded with ferric oxide and titanium dioxide

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with spent FCC catalyst loaded with ferric oxide and titanium dioxide

Characterization and Application of HCl-Activated LTA Zeolite from Lampung Natural Zeolite (LNZ) for Bioethanol Purification

Utilization of Spent FCC Catalyst as Fine Aggregate in Non-sintered Brick: Alkali Activation and Environmental Risk Assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About