Synthesis of zeolites from fly ash at pilot plant scale. Examples of potential applications

Querol, Xavier; Umaña, J.C; Plana, F.; Alastuey, Andrés; López-Soler, A.; Medinaceli, Alejandro; Valero, Antonio; Domingo, Manel J.; García-Rojo, Ezequiel

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(00)00156-3

Cited by 241 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Synthesis of zeolites from coal fly ash is one of the promising applications of fly ashes with high added value [9]. Since the initial studies of zeolite synthesis from fly ash by Höller and Wirsching (1985) [10], various methods and patents have been proposed, improved and applied by many authors to synthesize different types of zeolites , among which direct conversion is a common synthesis method [19,[22][23][24][25]. Due to the peculiar structural properties of zeolites, they have a wide range of industrial applications, such as ion exchange, and gas and water adsorption, among others [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T he high CEC and large pore size, of Na-zeolites (e.g. NaP1, X, and A zeolite), than K-zeolites promoted their applica-tion for polluted soils and waters remediation [22,24,26,33,37,38]; although, the use of natural zeolites (clinoptinolite) in agriculture and for soil remediation started from the 80 s, studies on Kzeolites synthesized from fly ash and its fertilizer efficiency are scarce [39]. T he present study focuses on the synthesis of merlinoite by KOH direct conversion, using fly ashes from Xinjiang PCC power plants, being subsequently applied to determine their potential for a novel use: as an efficient slow release K-fertilizer both for poten-tial application on degraded opencast mine reclamation and for agricultural use in conventional high-nutrient demanding crops (such as sunflower).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of merlinoite from Chinese coal fly ashes and its potential utilization as slow release K-fertilizer

Zhuang

Font

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of merlinoite from Chinese coal fly ashes and its potential utilization as slow release K-fertilizer

Zhuang

Font

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…De acordo com QUEROL [12], UMANÃ [13], FERRET [14] e IZIDORO [15], a metodologia utilizada para síntese de cinzas de carvão é denominada de tratamento hidrotérmico, onde sob temperatura elevada constante e presença de NaOH ocorre a formação da zeólita.…”

Section: Composição Química Da Cinza Pesadaunclassified

Adsorção de nitrogênio amoniacal de efluentes industriais pela zeólita Na-P1 sintetizada a partir da cinza pesada de carvão mineral

et al. 2015

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_____________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMOA legislação ambiental em vigor impõe padrões de emissões cada vez mais restritivos às indústrias geradoras de efluentes. Considerando essas exigências, as empresas precisam se adequar a essas políticas, tornando seus processos produtivos mais eficazes e menos poluentes. A combustão de carvão mineral em usinas termoelétricas gera cinzas pesadas que retornam aos produtores do insumo mineral e constituem um passivo ambiental. Neste estudo, as cinzas pesadas foram utilizadas para testes na síntese hidrotérmica (Hidrogel), em meio alcalino, visando à formação de zeólita Na-P1. Para comprovar a sua efetiva formação, foram realizadas análises por difração de raios X, fluorescência de raios X e capacidade de troca catiônica com solução padrão de cloreto de amônio, cujo valor em termos de equivalentes foi de 23,7 mg g -1 . Os resultados comprovaram a formação da zeólita Na-P1. Foram avaliados três efluentes industriais de três empresas distintas. A concentração final de nitrogênio amoniacal encontrada para os três efluentes após testes de adsorção de amônio em reator de leito fluidizado apresentaram uma redução de 49% ± 2 e os valores obtidos em termos de equivalentes foram de 21,8 mg g -1 , 22,9 mg g -1 e 22,7 mg g -1 . As Resoluções CONAMA 357/2005 430/2011 determinam padrões de qualidade de águas para diversas substâncias; no caso da amônia é de 20 mg L -1 de N/NH 3 . Considerando a grande dificuldade para reduzir os teores de nitrogênio amoniacal em determinados efluentes industriais, novas tecnologias vêm sendo implantadas, como a síntese de zeólitas a partir das cinzas pesadas de carvão. Esse estudo comprovou que a zeólita Na-P1 tem um grande potencial de adsorção para a redução de nitrogênio amoniacal de efluentes industriais.Palavras-chave: zeólita Na-P1, adsorção, nitrogênio amoniacal, efluente industrial. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTEnvironmental legislation in the country always requires more stringent standards for effluent generating industries. Companies must adapt to these laws making the industrial processes more efficient and less polluting. Burning coal in power plants produces bottom ash. This material returns to the coal producers and constitutes an environmental liability to the company. In this study, bottom ash was used in tests for the hydrothermal synthesis, under alkaline conditions, to generate zeolite Na-P1. Analyses by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and cation exchange capacity with standard solution of ammonium chloride confirmed to the generation of zeolite Na-P1, and the value of the cation exchange capacity of the equivalent was 23.7 mg g -1 . Three industrial effluents from three different companies were collected and evaluated. Tests for ammonia adsorption in a fluidized bed reactor were performed in the three effluents. The results for the final ammonia concentration showed a reduction of 49% ±2, and the values obtained ar...

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“…3) Many researchers reported the synthesis of zeolite from industrial wastes, e.g., coal fly ash, paper sludge ash, municipal incinerated ash, waste porcelain or perlite, which were mainly composed of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in amorphous phases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] with the different hydrothermal activation methods, such as classic alkali activation, 13) alkali fusion, 14) two-stage synthesis, 15) acidleaching, 16) and addition of silica sources. 17,18) One of the waste stone cakes, sandstone cake, mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, and calcite, having high content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Zeolite X from Waste Sandstone Cake Using Alkali Fusion Method

et al. 2008

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During quarrying, waste stone cake is discharged as industrial waste. In this study, we attempted to convert waste sandstone cake to zeolitic materials using alkali fusion method. By varying the experimental conditions different types of the product were obtained, e.g. zeolite-X, zeolite-P, hydroxysodalite, tobermorite, and nepheline. The siliceous minerals in the cake were transformed into soluble phases, while calcite remains in the solid after 24-agitation following alkali fusion. The optimum condition of zeolite-X synthesis in the product is that the mixed ratio of NaOH to the cake is 1.6, fusion temperature is 600 C, and heating time at 80 C is less than 12 h. The results of the sorption experiments suggest that the product can be applied in environmental field such as the removal of pollutant.

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Synthesis of zeolites from fly ash at pilot plant scale. Examples of potential applications

Cited by 241 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis of merlinoite from Chinese coal fly ashes and its potential utilization as slow release K-fertilizer

Synthesis of merlinoite from Chinese coal fly ashes and its potential utilization as slow release K-fertilizer

Adsorção de nitrogênio amoniacal de efluentes industriais pela zeólita Na-P1 sintetizada a partir da cinza pesada de carvão mineral

Synthesis of Zeolite X from Waste Sandstone Cake Using Alkali Fusion Method

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