“…When photons with an energy higher than the bandgap excel on the catalyst, electrons jump from the VB to the CB, resulting in excitons (electron-hole pairs). [66,67] Many other combinations are possible for these photogenerated excitons, such as (a) at catalytic surface sites, (b) with the crystal lattice, (c) by oxidizing an external species with holes, and (d) by reducing an external species with electrons. In the last, most advanced stage of RhB dye degradation, photogenerated e À and h þ react actively with the external species.…”