Synthesis of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Nanopowders by a Thermal Plasma Process

Ryu, Taegong; Choi, Young Joon; Hwang, S.L.; Sohn, Hong Yong; Kim, In-Soo

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03843.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…More recently, precursor solutions have been sprayed and combusted for the synthesis of an array of sophisticated mixed ceramics (18) and metals (19) by judicious selection of precursor and solvent composition (20). Even solid precursors can be dispersed in hot-wall (21), plasma (22), and flame reactors (23), although dosing of solids to maintain constant product composition is more challenging than that of gases or liquids.…”

Section: Process Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Nanomaterial Synthesis by Aerosol Processes

Buesser

Pratsinis

2012

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

152

140

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Aerosol synthesis of materials is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. Examples include the manufacture of carbon blacks, fumed SiO 2 , pigmentary TiO 2 , ZnO vulcanizing catalysts, filamentary Ni, and optical fibers, materials that impact transportation, construction, pharmaceuticals, energy, and communications. Parallel to this, development of novel, scalable aerosol processes has enabled synthesis of new functional nanomaterials (e.g., catalysts, biomaterials, electroceramics) and devices (e.g., gas sensors). This review provides an access point for engineers to the multiscale design of aerosol reactors for the synthesis of nanomaterials using continuum, mesoscale, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics models spanning 10 and 15 orders of magnitude in length and time, respectively. Key design features are the rapid chemistry; the high particle concentrations but low volume fractions; the attainment of a self-preserving particle size distribution by coagulation; the ratio of the characteristic times of coagulation and sintering, which controls the extent of particle aggregation; and the narrowing of the aggregate primary particle size distribution by sintering.

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Section: Process Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Nanomaterial Synthesis by Aerosol Processes

Buesser

Pratsinis

2012

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

152

140

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“…1. More details of the plasma reactor can be found in previous publications [28,36]. The CeCO 3 OH powder was fed into the reactor at a rate of 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, carried by a 3.5 L/min flow of argon (25 °C and 86.1 kPa atmospheric pressure at Salt Lake City).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average particle sizes were measured as 40 nm, 54 nm, and 61 nm, respectively, for the 15 kW, 20 kW and 25 kW experiments with argon only as the carrier gas. Increasing plasma power provided a higher temperature and a larger particle size [28,36]. The average particle size of the product obtained with a plasma power of 20 kW with the argon+hydrogen (1:1) mixture as the carrier gas was 57 nm, while it increased to 60 nm when the only hydrogen was used as the carrier gas.…”

Section: Sem and Tem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thermal plasma is an excellent tool for synthesizing nanostructured materials because its high temperature can rapidly vaporize or decompose precursors and form nanostructure materials. Nanoparticles of oxides and ceramic materials, such as TiO 2 [26] and TiO 2 -based materials [27], Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ) [28] and spherical alumina particles [29], SiC nano-fibers [30] and boron nitride (BN) nanotubes [31], have been synthesized by the use of thermal plasma. It was reported [32] that stable non-stoichiometric ceria was prepared using thermal plasma, but little has been reported on the plasma synthesis of such particles from precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma-assisted synthesis of non-stoichiometric nanoceria powder from cerium carbonate hydroxide (CeCO3OH)

2017

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Highly non-stoichiometric nanoceria was synthesized for the first time by thermal plasma from the precursor cerium carbonate hydroxide. The particle size was approximately 60 nm according to measurement by TEM. The nanoceria synthesized with 25 kW plasma power with argon as the carrier gas had the largest concentration of oxygen vacancies, follow by that produced with 20 kW with hydrogen as the carrier gas. XRD results indicated that the CeO1.66 phase was present with mostly non-stoichiometric ceria CeO2-x in these two products. SEM and TEM images showed that most of the particles were of irregular shape, while some triangular particles were also present. Raman spectra revealed that the F2g mode of synthesized nanoceria powders had a remarkable downshift of 7.9 - 10.5 cm-1 relative to the peak for single crystal ceria located at 466.0 cm-1. The Raman downshift was explained by the increase in ionic radius upon Ce4+ reduction to Ce3+. XPS results indicated that the Ce3+ content on the surface of the synthesized nanoceria was in the range of 15-30 %, depending on the plasma power and carrier gas composition. Both the Raman and XPS spectra showed numerous oxygen vacancies in the nanoceria. The results of this work indicated that the oxygen vacancy formation occurred when the CeO2 formed from the oxidation of cerium carbonate hydroxide was reduced by the hydrogen as well as the high temperature of the plasma. This investigation has verified that plasma treatment provides a promising method for the synthesis of nanoceria powder with high oxygen vacancies.

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“…Thus, some of these products may soon appear on the market. Furthermore, synthesis of metal and metal alloys, as well as nonoxide ceramics, can be carried out in scalable flame (Athanassiou et al, 2010) and plasma reactors (Phillips et al, 2009) at respectable production rates (Ryu et al, 2010), even in a laboratory-scale (0.5-2 g/min) plasma reactor, promising many opportunities for aerosol technology to contribute to the rapidly evolving field of nanomaterials and its breadth of applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews

Ensor¹

2011

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Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

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Synthesis of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Nanopowders by a Thermal Plasma Process

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Design of Nanomaterial Synthesis by Aerosol Processes

Design of Nanomaterial Synthesis by Aerosol Processes

Plasma-assisted synthesis of non-stoichiometric nanoceria powder from cerium carbonate hydroxide (CeCO3OH)

Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews

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