Synthesis of WO₃/AgI photocatalysts applying for degradation of antibiotics in water

Abstract

In this paper, AgI was successfully synthesized in the presence of WO3 to form AgI/WO3 Z scheme hetero-junction by solid-phase heating method and by varying the WO3 mole ratio (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) with respect to the AgI. The PL spectra indicate that the introduction of WO3 to AgI can efficiently suppress the recombination of photo-generated charge carrier. The photocatalytic activity of WO3/AgI was investigated under visible light by using the Amoxicillin (AMX) antibiotic as an organic target in aqueous solution. The WO3/AgI photoactivity for AXM was greatly enhanced when both materials were coupled to form a Z-scheme system. The highest degradation percentage was reached using the WO3/AgI material ratio mole of 1/1. As compared with to the pure WO3 and AgI, the WO3/AgI hybrid material show remarkably improved visible-induced photocatalytic activities in degrading AMX for the enhanced transport ability of electrons and holes.

Identification of Non-Impact Livelihoods on Mangrove Resources in Can Gio, Vietnam

“…Although livelihoods can vary widely in the same area, we try to assess the livelihoods of rural households without impacts on mangrove resources and explore how they affect the selection and rank the influence levels for the core, buffer, and transition zones. The types of livelihoods interviewed are ranked in terms of importance by building an evaluation matrix to identify non-impact livelihoods based on the criteria of previous studies [4,5,6]. It is more likely that the change in ranking is due to the opinions of the interviewees.…”

“…This was attributed to a range of factors such as population growth and urbanization, expansion of aquaculture area, agricultural and fishery waste, construction waste, tourism, climate change including sea level rise [3] etc. As shown in previous studies [4], [5], [6], many impacts on the environment and ecosystems of Can Gio mangrove forests are related to 11 types of livelihoods that cause biodiversity loss of in mangroves such as logging, pollution due to aquaculture activities, illegal fishing, and water pollution from urbanization-industrialization [7,8] etc. The influence of livelihoods on mangrove forests occurs at different scales, depending on the level of exploitation such as selfsufficiency, traditional and industrial-scale exploitation with all of them affecting mangrove forest habitats All the factors that cause negative impacts on mangrove resources from livelihood activities result in reduction of forest area, biodiversity loss and long-term consequences as forest degradation and imbalance of natural environment [9].…”