Synthesis of water-soluble novel bioactive pyridine-based azo coumarin derivative and competitive cytotoxicity, DNA binding, BSA binding study, and in silico analysis with coumarin

Insights on the comparative affinity of ribonucleic acids with plant-based beta carboline alkaloid, harmine: Spectroscopic, calorimetric and computational evaluation

“…Isothermal calorimetry is a consistent and reliable approach for the precise measurement of thermodynamic parameters in various biomolecular interactions by offering important understandings of the chemical mechanisms behind complex formation [ [100] , [101] , [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] ]. The complete thermodynamic profile like the entropy contribution ( T Δ S o ), Gibbs energy change (Δ G o ), binding enthalpy (Δ H o ), and also the stoichiometry (N) and binding affinity ( K ) can be provided by ITC [ 106 , 107 ]. Every single injection is indicated by each heat burst curve in upper panel of Figs.…”

“…The Gibbs energy is compensated by the reaction entropy and enthalpy, both of which are significant temperature-dependent factors. Many ligands' interactions with RNA [ 48 , 49 ] as well as with DNA [ [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] ] have been reported to include this type of compensation. It is proposed that the phenomena are caused by a significant hydrophobic component to the binding energies.…”