Synthesis of water-soluble carboxylic and acetic acid-substituted poly(thiophenes) and the application of their photochemical properties in homogeneous competitive immunoassays

Abstract

Novel water-soluble poly(thiophene) derivatives are synthesized and used as labels in homogeneous competitive immunoassays for antigens and haptens.

Photopolymerization of electroactive film applied to full polymer electrochromic device

“…In the heterocyclic conjugated polymers, polythiophenes have attracted special attention because of their electrical characteristics, environmental stability in doped and undoped states, and reversible redox switching [3], which contain a π-conjugated carbon backbone and exhibit particular electrochemical [3], electrochromic [4] and electromagnetic shielding [5] characteristics. These materials provide a basis for some new technologies [6,7]. Polymerization of thiophenes is usually achieved by chemical [7][8][9], electrochemical [3], and photochemical [6,10] processes, forming the corresponding polythiophenes with diverse morphology coupled with different physical and chemical properties.…”

“…These materials provide a basis for some new technologies [6,7]. Polymerization of thiophenes is usually achieved by chemical [7][8][9], electrochemical [3], and photochemical [6,10] processes, forming the corresponding polythiophenes with diverse morphology coupled with different physical and chemical properties. However, the solubility of polythiophenes is very low in most organic solvents, resulting in poor processability, limiting their practical application.…”

Electrical and thermal studies on poly(3-methyl thiophene) and in situ polymerized poly(3-methyl thiophene)cerium(IV)phosphate cation exchange nanocomposite

“…Polythiophene and its derivatives have been the subject of intensive research during the last two decades. Because of a p-conjugated carbon backbone, polythiophene and its derivatives exhibits a number of interesting electrochemical, electrochromic, luminescent, and shielding properties, which provides a basis for various new technologies [18][19][20]. Thiophene derivatives can be oxidized chemically [19,21,22] photochemically [20,[23][24][25] or electrochemically [18] and can also be polymerized to corresponding polythiophenes.…”

Synthesis and characterization of copolythiophene

“…However, their derivatives containing carboxyl could not be obtained by those reagents for the reactivity of carboxyl. PTs containing carboxyl can always be obtained by polymerization of the derivatives of monomers (usually, methylate of monomers) with nickel(II),8 or the monomer itself in the presence of FeCl 3 9–10…”

“…Furthermore, PTs with carboxyl as side groups usually were water‐soluble, which can be used in the water system. They could be used as labels in homogeneous competitive immunoassays for antigens and haptens 9. The copolythiophenes (Co‐PTs) containing carboxyl usually had amphiphilic properties 12.…”