SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B<sub>1</sub>

Williams, Roger R.; Cline, Joseph K.

doi:10.1021/ja01299a505

Cited by 150 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the structure of thiamin (vitamin B,) has been known for over 40 years (Williams, 1936;Grewe, 1936) and its chemical synthesis accomplished soon thereafter (Williams & Cline, 1936;Andersag & Westphal, 1937;Todd & Bergel, 1937), the biosynthetic pathway to thiamin (3) has still not been elucidated completely. It is well established that the pyrimidine (1) and thiazole (2) moieties are biosynthesized independently and are then joined to give thiamin (Scheme 1) (Leder, 1975 precursors either of the pyrimidine or of the thiazole moieties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

White¹,

Spenser²

1979

Biochemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

White¹,

Spenser²

1979

Biochemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Robert Williams (1886 -1965) described the chemical structure of thiamin and its synthesis in 1936 [34,35]. Albert Szent-Györgi (1893 -1986) isolated a substance "hexuronic acid" [36], that was later confi rmed as vitamin C by Charles Glen King (1896King ( -1988 [37] and Szent-Györgi [38].…”

Section: The Importance Of Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discovery of the Vitamins

Semba

2012

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The discovery of the vitamins was a major scientifi c achievement in our understanding of health and disease. In 1912, Casimir Funk originally coined the term "vitamine". The major period of discovery began in the early nineteenth century and ended at the mid-twentieth century. The puzzle of each vitamin was solved through the work and contributions of epidemiologists, physicians, physiologists, and chemists. Rather than a mythical story of crowning scientifi c breakthroughs, the reality was a slow, stepwise progress that included setbacks, contradictions, refutations, and some chicanery. Research on the vitamins that are related to major defi ciency syndromes began when the germ theory of disease was dominant and dogma held that only four nutritional factors were essential: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and minerals. Clinicians soon recognized scurvy, beriberi, rickets, pellagra, and xerophthalmia as specifi c vitamin defi ciencies, rather than diseases due to infections or toxins. Experimental physiology with animal models played a fundamental role in nutrition research and greatly shortened the period of human suffering from vitamin defi ciencies. Ultimately it was the chemists who isolated the various vitamins, deduced their chemical structure, and developed methods for synthesis of vitamins. Our understanding of the vitamins continues to evolve from the initial period of discovery.

show abstract

“…The insoluble fraction was more elusive, but finally shown to be a pyrimidine compound. The finally determined structure is shown being drawn by Williams himself in figure 1[14]. Simpler syntheses were soon developed, so that the vitamin became commercially available at a reasonable price and Williams, with the benefit of a patent, was able to achieve his long-term ambition of returning to the Philippines and organizing the supplementation of white rice with the synthetic vitamin and demonstrating that this could lead to at least a great reduction in the incidence of beriberi [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Discovery of Thiamin

Carpenter

2012

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thiamin deficiency was long known as ‘beriberi’ in English and ‘kakké’ in Japan and China. The cause of beriberi was attributed to miasmas rising from wet soil and later to an unknown infectious organism. Systematic studies of beriberi began in the Dutch East Indies in the 1880s. Cornelis Pekelharing and Cornelis Winkler investigated beriberi in the Dutch East Indies and thought that they had isolated a micrococcus that was responsible for the disease. Christiaan Eijkman observed that chickens fed white rice developed a leg paralysis or ‘polyneuritis’, whereas chickens fed brown (unpolished) rice did not. Gerrit Grijns succeeded Eijkman in the beriberi studies in Java and concluded correctly that there were unknown substances in foods that were needed for the peripheral nervous system. In 1926, Barend Jansen and Willem Donath isolated and crystallized a substance that cured polyneuritis in pigeons. Robert Williams synthesized thiamin in 1936.

show abstract

SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B₁

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

The Discovery of the Vitamins

The Discovery of Thiamin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B1

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

Thiamin biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Origin of carbon-2 of the thiazole moiety

The Discovery of the Vitamins

The Discovery of Thiamin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN B₁