(Vinylallene)rhodium complexes with three kinds of coordination modes, that is, η
2-coordination of the terminal π-bond of the allenyl group, η
4-coordination of the conjugated
diene skeleton, and planar σ
2-coordination, were synthesized by ligand substitution of RhCl(PPh3)3 with vinylallenes of specific substitution patterns. Their structures were determined
by X-ray crystallography. Coordination preferences can be explained in terms of spatial
interactions between the vinylallene substituents and the phosphine ligands as well as
effective delocalization of the π-electrons of the endo- and exocyclic double bonds. The
structural studies were extended to the development of the rhodium-catalyzed carbonylative
[4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction of vinylallenes, affording five-membered carbocycles. With a
nonsymmetrical vinylallene, face-selective η
4-coordination from the less hindered side of the
allenyl group was observed. The achievement of [4 + 1] carbonylation can be attributed to
(i) the substantial facility of substituted vinylallenes for η
4-coordination and (ii) the significant
contribution of a metallacyclo-3-pentene resonance form to the intermediate complex. A
platinum(0) complex also catalyzed the [4 + 1] cycloaddition of vinylallenes as efficiently as
rhodium.