Synthesis of TPEN variants to improve cancer cells selective killing capacity

A Highly Soluble Iron‐Based Posolyte Species with High Redox Potential for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

“…The polypyridylamine hexadentate ligand, N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), is a chelating agent with a high affinity for transition metal ions, such as zinc, [ 10 ] copper, [ 11 ] and nickel. [ 12 ] TPEN is widely used in research to investigate the roles of metal ions in various biological processes.…”

“…On the other hand, the Fe(III) oxidation state encounters challenges in achieving similar stability due to the removal of an electron, leading to the formation of a less stable complex. Notably, the stability constants of both the TPEN‐Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ iron complexes in solution are reported to be around 14.6, [ 11 ] suggesting that the redox potential of this TPEN complex, ≈0.77 V, [ 16 ] is well‐suited for serving as a promising posolyte species in an ARFB. The solubility of Fe II (TPEN)Cl 2 is 1.46 m in DI water (Figure 1c and Supporting Information, p2).…”

Generation of Ru(iii)-hypochlorite with resemblance to the heme-dependent haloperoxidase enzyme

“…Synthesis of the MeTPEN ligand was carried out using a modified literature procedure. 23,37,38 Picolylchloride hydrochloride salt (3.3 g, 20.24 mmol) was dissolved in 15 mL H 2 O followed by the addition of N 1 -methylethane-1,2-diamine (500 mg, 6.74 mmol) in a 50 mL round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. Aqueous NaOH solution (2.2 g in 10 mL) was added dropwise over a period of an hour and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 7 days.…”

Controlled Release of a Dual Zinc‐Sensing and Gene Regulating Small Molecule from DNA Micelles

“…However, as it is able to permeate through cell membranes, non‐targeted delivery of TPEN causes off‐target effects by interfering with the function of metalloproteins and produces a harsh metal depleted environment. Researchers have studied the pro‐apoptotic effect of TPEN in various cell lines and have reported that a low micromolar concentration of 3–5 μM of free TPEN is cytotoxic in nature [19,20,21] . Thus apart from the toxicity issues associated with TPEN, water‐insolubility and cell membrane permeability are some of the other many drawbacks that restricts researchers from exploring TPEN as a potential therapeutic agent [22,23] …”

“…Researchers have studied the pro-apoptotic effect of TPEN in various cell lines and have reported that a low micromolar concentration of 3-5 μM of free TPEN is cytotoxic in nature. [19,20,21] Thus apart from the toxicity issues associated with TPEN, water-insolubility and cell membrane permeability are some of the other many drawbacks that restricts researchers from exploring TPEN as a potential therapeutic agent. [22,23] To address these delivery challenges surrounding this potentially promising therapeutic for treating zinc-related inflammatory diseases we synthesized and tested TPEN loaded nucleic acid nanocapsules (NANs).…”