Synthesis of Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> Powders Using Sn as an Additive

Ai, Mingxing; Zhai, Huamin; Zhou, Yang; Tang, Zhaoyun; Huang, Zhenying; Zhang, Zhi-Li; Li, Shibo

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00818.x

Cited by 96 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Up until now, the mechanical properties of Ti 3 ͑Al, Sn͒C 2 solid solutions have not been investigated although the synthesis of this compound has been reported in several papers. 12,30,31 Based on the bulk modulus of Ti 3 ͑Al, Sn 0.2 ͒C 2 ͑226 GPa͒, the addition of Sn seems to increase the mechanical properties of Ti 3 AlC 2 . Further investigations about the mechanical properties of Ti 3 ͑Al, Sn͒C 2 solid solutions are necessary to confirm this effect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

Zhang

Nickel

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Exploring the behavior of molybdenum diboride (MoB2): A high pressure x-ray diffraction studyThe structural stability of the layered ternary carbide Ti 3 AlC 2 was studied up to 35 GPa using x-ray diffraction with a Merrill-Basset-type diamond anvil cell and ab initio calculations. The structure ͑P6 3 / mmc͒ was stable in the present pressure range without any phase transition. The Birch-Murnaghan equation of state was employed to fit the experimental pressure-volume date, from which the isothermal bulk modulus of Ti 3 AlC 2 was determined as 156Ϯ 5 GPa, which was also supported by theoretical results. In addition, theoretical calculations described anisotropic pressure dependences of the lattice parameters, electronic structure, and bonding properties of Ti 3 AlC 2 .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

Zhang

Nickel

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…A suitable amount of Al was added to compensate for the Al loss due to high-temperature evaporation [28]. An appropriate amount of Sn with a molar ratio of 0.1 was also added to improve the wetting effect in the early stage of the reaction process [29,30]. In order to ensure even blending, planetary ball milling using agate milling spheres was performed at 200 rpm in an argon atmosphere for 12 h. The diameters of the agate milling spheres were 18 mm, 10 mm, and 2.5 mm with a weight ratio of 1:1:1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Mechanism of High-Purity Ti2AlN Powders under Microwave Sintering

Tang

Lin

et al. 2020

Materials

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In the present study, high-purity ternary-phase nitride (Ti2AlN) powders were synthesized through microwave sintering using TiH2, Al, and TiN powders as raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were adopted to characterize the as-prepared powders. It was found that the Ti2AlN powder prepared by the microwave sintering of the 1TiH2/1.15Al/1TiN mixture at 1250 °C for 30 min manifested great purity (96.68%) with uniform grain size distribution. The formation mechanism of Ti2AlN occurred in four stages. The solid-phase reaction of Ti/Al and Ti/TiN took place below the melting point of aluminum and formed Ti2Al and TiN0.5 phases, which were the main intermediates in Ti2AlN formation. Therefore, the present work puts forward a favorable method for the preparation of high-purity Ti2AlN powders.

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“…[36,58,59] Addition of additives is an efficient way to improve the purity of MAX phases. [61] Mingxing et al [62] prepared nearly pure Ti 3 AlC 2 by adding Sn as additive. Sn has two roles: first, its low melting point (231.8 C) enables it to form an early liquid phase that helps starting materials to react beforehand; second, Sn could impede Al evaporation and extend the range of synthesis temperature.…”

Section: Reactive Sinteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

101

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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Synthesis of Ti₃AlC₂ Powders Using Sn as an Additive

Cited by 96 publications

References 21 publications

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

Formation Mechanism of High-Purity Ti2AlN Powders under Microwave Sintering

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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Synthesis of Ti3AlC2 Powders Using Sn as an Additive

Cited by 96 publications

References 21 publications

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

High-pressure powder x-ray diffraction experiments andab initiocalculation of Ti3AlC2

Formation Mechanism of High-Purity Ti2AlN Powders under Microwave Sintering

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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Synthesis of Ti₃AlC₂ Powders Using Sn as an Additive