Synthesis of Ti-5Al, Ti-6Al-7Nb, and Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys from elemental powders using powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing

Polozov, Igor; Sufiiarov, Vadim; Popovich, Anatoly; Masaylo, Dmitriy; Grigoriev, Аlexey

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.05.325

Cited by 89 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Using a configuration with 70 µm beam diameter resulted in undissolved Al-particles in the Ti matrix. The Ti22Al25Nb alloy processed with the 700 µm laser spot contained unmolten Nb particles that could be removed by a heat-treatment at 1250 °C for 2 h. Polozov et al [20] achieved similar results as Yadroitsev et al [16] with undissolved Nb particles in Ti6Al7Nb and Ti22Al25Nb alloys that could be removed by annealing at 1250 °C and 1350 °C, respectively. Fischer et al [21] prepared an Ti26Nb alloy by in-situ alloy formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) Process Strategies for In-Situ Alloy Formation with High-Melting Elements

Huber

Rasch

Schmidt

2021

Metals

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In-situ alloy formation by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) from mixtures of easily available elemental powders is an appealing approach for developing and qualifying new alloys for laser based additive manufacturing of metals. However, especially when dealing with high-melting elements, like W, Ta, Mo, or Nb, it is difficult to achieve a homogeneous element distribution and a complete fusion of the powder particles. The aim of this work was to understand the effects of the PBF-LB/M process parameters (laser power, scan speed, laser spot diameter) and three different single- and double-exposure strategies on the fusion of high-melting W, Ta, Mo, and Nb particles in a Ti-matrix. For this purpose, 220 samples with 10 vol.% of the high-melting particle fraction were prepared and analyzed by optical light microscopy and automated image processing, as well as by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results are discussed in the context of current research on the process dynamics of PBF-LB/M. Based on that process strategies to support a complete fusion of high-melting particles during in-situ alloy formation are derived. It is shown that the number of unmolten particles can be at least decreased by a factor of ten compared to the most unfavorable parameter combination. For the lower melting elements, Nb and Mo, a complete fusion without any remaining particles visible in the microsections was achieved for certain parameter combinations. The results prove the feasibility of in-situ alloy formation with high-melting alloying elements, but they also demonstrate the necessity to adjust the PBF-LB/M process strategy to achieve a complete dissolution of the alloying elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) Process Strategies for In-Situ Alloy Formation with High-Melting Elements

Huber

Rasch

Schmidt

2021

Metals

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“…The XRF measurements showed an absence of Fe particles in the powder, which is of importance because of the Fe toxic effect [ 32 ]. It is known [ 45 , 64 ] that mechanical alloying or ball milling usually leads to powder contamination with Fe particles. This is usually associated with a prolonged milling time (up to 40 h), which results in erosion of milling vials or milling balls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the bulk sample production, the previously manufactured powder of Ti- (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) wt.% Nb alloy was used in a custom-made VARISKAF-100MVS laser fusion system (Figure 2). This is equipped with an ytterbium laser with a 1070 nm wavelength and a vacuum chamber, which can be filled with inert gases (argon, nitrogen, etc.).…”

Section: Lpbf Of Ti-nb Alloymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to contribute to the field of AM by reporting on manufacturing scaffolds made of hypoallergenic Ti-Nb alloy, which are needed commercially in the form of dense and porous design samples. We describe the manufacturing route of Ti- (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) wt.% Nb powders using the method of mechanical alloying followed by the thorough research of LPBF manufacturing regimes for both dense and porous samples, their structure, and properties. Biocompatibility tests were also carried out for manufactured samples to test the osteoblastlike cell line (MG-63) response to the produced surfaces as the first step towards further application in the biomedical field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They showed that the porosity of 75–55% could affect the values of compressive strength in the range of 35–120 MPa. In the paper by I. Polozov et al [ 45 ], samples for applications in the aerospace industry, made of Ti-5Al, Ti-6Al-7Nb, and Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys with a corresponding porosity of 1%, 0.6%, and 2.7%, respectively, were studied. The mechanical properties of these alloys were comparable to the commercially available materials of the same composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ti-Nb Alloys: From Nanostructured Powders to Bulk Objects

et al. 2021

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The additive manufacturing of low elastic modulus alloys that have a certain level of porosity for biomedical needs is a growing area of research. Here, we show the results of manufacturing of porous and dense samples by a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ti-Nb alloy, using two distinctive fusion strategies. The nanostructured Ti-Nb alloy powders were produced by mechanical alloying and have a nanostructured state with nanosized grains up to 90 nm. The manufactured porous samples have pronounced open porosity and advanced roughness, contrary to dense samples with a relatively smooth surface profile. The structure of both types of samples after LPBF is formed by uniaxial grains having micro- and nanosized features. The inner structure of the porous samples is comprised of an open interconnected system of pores. The volume fraction of isolated porosity is 2 vol. % and the total porosity is 20 vol. %. Cell viability was assessed in vitro for 3 and 7 days using the MG63 cell line. With longer culture periods, cells showed an increased cell density over the entire surface of a porous Ti-Nb sample. Both types of samples are not cytotoxic and could be used for further in vivo studies.

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Raw Materials: Metal Powders and Wires

Thomas

2022

Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloys 1

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Synthesis of Ti-5Al, Ti-6Al-7Nb, and Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys from elemental powders using powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) Process Strategies for In-Situ Alloy Formation with High-Melting Elements

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M) Process Strategies for In-Situ Alloy Formation with High-Melting Elements

Advances in Laser Additive Manufacturing of Ti-Nb Alloys: From Nanostructured Powders to Bulk Objects

Raw Materials: Metal Powders and Wires

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